Coronavirus disease, transmission of COVID 19, signs and symptoms of COVID 19, how it affects respiratory system, pathogenesis of COVID 19, prevention from COVID, vaccine development. COVID 19 pandemic

1. COVID-19 pandemic
Presented by Shalu Thariwal

2. Coronavirus
• Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause
illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East
respiratory syndrome (MERS). In 2019, a new
coronavirus was identified as the cause of a disease
outbreak that originated in China.
• The disease it causes is called coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19).
• In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO)
declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.
14 July 2020Shalu Thariwal

3. Transmission and risk factors
• The virus spreads by respiratory droplets released when
someone with the virus coughs, sneezes or talks. These
droplets can be inhaled or land in the mouth or nose of a
person nearby.
• It can also spread if a person touches a surface with the
virus on it and then touches his or her mouth, nose or
eyes.
Risk factors
• Recent travel from or residence in an area with ongoing
community spread of COVID-19
• Close contact with someone who has COVID-19
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4. Signs and symptoms
• Fever
• Cough
• Tiredness
• Early symptoms of COVID-19 - loss of taste or smell.
Other symptoms
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Muscle aches
• Chills
• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Headache
• Chest pain
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6. Pay attention!!
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7. Respiratory system
• The new coronavirus can infect the upper or lower a part
of the breathing tract. It travels down in airways. The
lining can become irritated and inflamed. In some cases,
the contamination can reach the entire manner down into
alveoli. COVID-19 is a brand new condition, and
scientists are learning greater each day about what it can
do on lungs.
• Cell invasion and viral replication in the nose
• Replication in the lung and immune system alerted
• Pneumonia
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome, the cytokine storm,
and multiple organ failure
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8. Cont…
• Diffuse alveolar damage with varying degrees of
acute exudative features including edema and hyaline
membranes, organization, and fibrosis. Macrophagic
or mixed cellular infiltration, multinuclear giant cells,
atypical reactive pneumocytes, and vascular injury.
• 1) extensive edema,
• 2) hyaline membrane formation,
• 3) collapse of alveoli,
• 4) desquamation of alveolar epithelial cells, and
• 5) fibrous tissue in alveolar spaces.
14 July 2020Shalu Thariwal

9. Pathogenesis
Sars- CoV
Infection of
tracheobrochial
tree
Infection of
immune cells
Interferon and
cytokines
response
Severe lung
injury
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10. Prevention
• Avoid large events and mass gatherings.
• Avoid close contact (within about 6 feet, or 2 meters)
• Stay home as much as possible and keep distance between
yourself and others.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20
seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at
least 60% alcohol.
• Cover your face with a cloth face mask in public spaces.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.
• Avoid sharing dishes, glasses, towels, bedding and other
household items if you're sick.
• Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces, such as doorknobs,
light switches, electronics and counters, daily.
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12. Pathways to develop and produce a
COVID-19 vaccine
 Global health authorities and vaccine developers are
currently partnering to support the technology needed to
produce vaccines.
• Live vaccines use a weakened (attenuated) form of the
germ that causes a disease. This kind of vaccine prompts
an immune response without causing disease.
• Inactivated vaccines use a killed (inactive) version of the
germ that causes a disease. This kind of vaccine causes an
immune response but not infection.
• Genetically engineered RNA or DNA vaccines
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