This document discusses goniometry measurements for range of motion of the lower extremity joints, including the hip, knee, ankle, and foot. It provides the testing positions and goniometer placements for measuring flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation at the hip joint. It also describes the testing positions and goniometer alignments for measuring dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion at the ankle joint. Flexion and extension of the metatarsophalangeal joints and adduction and abduction at the metatarsophalangeal joints are also briefly mentioned.

1. Goniometry of Lower
Extremity joints
Presented by: Dr. Shalu Thariwal (P.T.)

2. Contents
• Hip joint ROM measurement
• Knee joint ROM measurement
• Ankle/foot ROM measurement

3. Hip joint ROM
• Lower Ext. Hip flexion(0~120°)
• Test Position: Subject supine
• Allow knee to flex (to avoid limitation by tight
hamstrings)
• Stabilize pelvis to prevent rotation, Hip flex.
• Goniometer Alignment
• Axis – greater trochanter
• Stationary arm – aligned with midline of plevis
• Moving arm – aligned with femur (lateral epicondyle)

5. Cont...
• Hip extension(0~30°)
• Test Position:Subject prone
• Stabilize pelvis to prevent rotation
• Extend hip
• Goniometer Alignment
• Axis – greater trochanter
• Stationary arm – aligned with midline of plevis
• Moving arm – aligned with femur (lateral epicondyle)

7. Cont..
• Hip abduction 0-45 degree
• Testing position: supine with hips and knees in
neutral
• Goniometer Placement
• AXIS- ASIS
• STATIONARY ARM- directed to opposite ASIS
parallel to femur
• Movement ARM - directed to centre of patella

9. Cont..
• Hip adduction 45-0 degree
• Test position: supine
• Goniometer placement
• Axis: ASIS
• Stationary arm: towards opposite ASIS
• Moving arm: Along with femur

11. Cont...
• Hip internal/external rotation
• 0-45 degree
• Test position: Sitting
• Goniometer alignment
• Axis: patella
• Stationary arm: perpendicular to floor
• Moving arm: along tibia

15. Ankle dorsiflexion
• Test position: prone with knee bend
• Range: 0-15 degree
• Goniometer alignment
• Axis – lateral malleolus
• Stationary arm – aligned with fibular head
• Moving arm – aligned with fifth metatarsal

16. Ankle planterflexion
• Test position: supine
• Range: 0-30 degree
• Goniometer alignment
• Axis – lateral malleolus
• Stationary arm – aligned with fibular head
• Moving arm – aligned with fifth metatarsal

18. Inversion/Eversion
10 degree
20 degree

23. Flexion and extension at MTP
joint

24. Adduction/Abduction at MTP
joints

25. References
• www.pptslideshare.com
• Book- David Magge- PAMT
• Book- Cynthia C.Norkin
• https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/course
s/gonio/lower/pages/knee-flexion.shtml
• https://www.physio-pedia.com/Goniometry
• https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-
in/professional/multimedia/table/v1128315