The document summarizes the four generations of computers from 1945 to present day. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large and unreliable. The second generation used transistors, which were smaller and more durable. The third generation used integrated circuits, making computers even smaller. The fourth generation used VLSI technology to put millions of transistors on a single chip, reducing costs and power consumption. Today's computers are classified as fourth generation and are faster, more powerful, and affordable.
Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology
With each new generation, the circuitry has gotten smaller and more advanced than the previous generation
Computers can be classified into five types according to the generations i.e. time period:
First Generation Computers: vacuum tubes
Second Generation Computers: transistors
Third Generation Computers: integrated circuits (ICs)
Fourth Generation Computers: large scale integration (LSI)
Fifth Generation Computers: very large scale integration (VLSI)
Computer has become a part of our life. Today along with calculations, their work area is very wide-supermarket scanners scan and calculate our grocery bill and also keep store inventory, automatic teller machines(ATM) helps us in banking transaction how the technology has developed and what its future course is To understand this first we should know about the different generations of computers.
The First electronic computer was designed and built at the university of pennsylvania based on vaccum tube technology. Vaccum tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. Generations of computers has been divided into five according to the development of technologies used to fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units.
The History of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operates, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.
generations of computer, first generation, second generation, third generation, fourth generation, fifth generation, advantages, disadvantages, examples
it is all about the generation of computer. explained in a detailed way. helpful for those students who is seeking information about computer generation.it is available in one place
Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology
With each new generation, the circuitry has gotten smaller and more advanced than the previous generation
Computers can be classified into five types according to the generations i.e. time period:
First Generation Computers: vacuum tubes
Second Generation Computers: transistors
Third Generation Computers: integrated circuits (ICs)
Fourth Generation Computers: large scale integration (LSI)
Fifth Generation Computers: very large scale integration (VLSI)
Computer has become a part of our life. Today along with calculations, their work area is very wide-supermarket scanners scan and calculate our grocery bill and also keep store inventory, automatic teller machines(ATM) helps us in banking transaction how the technology has developed and what its future course is To understand this first we should know about the different generations of computers.
The First electronic computer was designed and built at the university of pennsylvania based on vaccum tube technology. Vaccum tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. Generations of computers has been divided into five according to the development of technologies used to fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units.
The History of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operates, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.
generations of computer, first generation, second generation, third generation, fourth generation, fifth generation, advantages, disadvantages, examples
it is all about the generation of computer. explained in a detailed way. helpful for those students who is seeking information about computer generation.it is available in one place
These Notes from the class of BS EDUCATION 1st Semester (Spring) Session 2023-2027 Teacher :Ch Naveed Afzal
semester started in march 2023 and end in july 2023
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. COMPUTER GENERATION
Computer has become a part of our life. Today along with calculations,
their work area is very wide-supermarket scaneners scan and calculate
our grocery bill and also keep store inventory, automatic teller
machines (atms) help us in banking transaction.
How the technology has developed and what its future course is. To
understand this first we should know about the different generation of
computers.
3. FIRST-GENERATION COMPUTER
(1945-1956)
First-generation computers used vacuum tubes and values as their
basic electronic component. They were extremely large in size and
reliable. The language used for storing and processing data was
machine language.
Some of the first-generation computers are:
ENIAC (electronic numerical integrator and calculator) – it was built in
1946 at the university of PENNSYLVANIA, U S A by JOHN ECKERT
and JOHN MAUCHLY.
EDVAC (electronic discrete variable automatic computer) – developed
in 1950
EDSAC (electronic delay storage automatic computer) – it was
developed by MV WILIKES at Cambridge University in 1949
Univac-I - The Universal Automatic Computer was USA’S first
commercially available computer system. It was delivered in 1951 by
the ECKERT-MAUCHLY computer corp.
4. DISADVANTAGE
The disadvantages of the first-generation computers are:
1. They were too bulky.
2. They emitted large amounts of heat because they used lots of vacuum tubes
3. AIR conditioning was required.
4. They were prone to frequent failure that’s why they were unreliable.
5. They were not portable.
5. SECOND-GENERATION COMPUTERS
(1956-1963)
In the generation of computers, transistors were used in place of
vacuum tubes.
Transistors are more compact than vacuum tubes as they are made up
of semiconductors. They are also more durable than vacuum tubes.
Programming languages some of the computers of the second
generation are:
IBM 1620 –
Its size was used smaller as compared to the first-generation computers
and it was used mostly for scientific purpose.
IBM 1401-
IT was used for was business application.
CDC 3600-
IT was used for scientific purpose.
6. ADVANTAGES
The advantages that the second-generation computers had over the
generation computers are:
They were smaller as compared to first-generation computers.
They generated less heat.
They took comparatively less computers time.
They were less prone to failure.
DISADVANTAGES
The disadvantages that second generation computer had over the first
generation commuter are:
They required Air Conditioning.
Frequent maintenance was required.
They were difficult and quite expensive
7. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER
(1964 – 1971)
In the third generation of computers integrated circuits (ICs) began to
be used. These ICs were called chips.
These ICs are more compact than a transistor. Single ICs has many
transistors, registers and capacitors, placed on a single thin of silicon.
So the computer built of such components became smaller.
Some of the computers developed during this period were :
IBM- 360- Developed by IBM in 1964.
PDP – 8 -Developed by DEC in 1965.
PDP- 11 - Developed by DEC IN 1970.
CRA 1 - Developed by CRAY research in 1974.
VAX - Developed by DEC 1978.
8. HIGHT-LEVEL language such as BASIC (Beginners all-purpose symbolic
instruction code) were developed during this period.
ADVANTAGES
THE advantages that the third-generated computers had over the second-generation
computers were:
1.They were smaller in size as compared to the second-generation computers.
2. They generated less heat.
3. They reduced computational time.
4. They involved low maintenance cost.
5. They were easily portable.
6. They were comparatively cheaper.
9. FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER
(1971 ONWARDS)
Fourth-generation computers used very large integration (VLSI)
technology. After the induction of integrated circuits, computers could
only get small in size, since hundreds of computers could fit onto one
chip. By the 1890s, the use of VLSI technology had squeezed hundreds
of thousands of computers onto a single chip. Ultra-large scale
integration (ULSI) increased that number to millions. This also helped
decrease the price of computers are IBM-PC, Apple macintosh, sun
SPARC station etc.
10. ADVANTAGES
THEY ADVANTAGES OF FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
OVER THIRD-GENERATION COMPUTERS ARE:
They were cheaper.
They had a larger memory and high functional speed.
They consumed less power.
They generated a negligible amount of heat.
11. TODAY’S COMPUTER
Is classified as fourth generation computers.
faster, more powerful, tremendous data storage and processing
capacity
New brands and models would come out the market almost every other
month.
Many clones or imitations of the IBM have become even more powerful
and a lot cheaper.
Computers became more affordable
Computers can now be found in homes, schools, offices etc.
There has been a tremendous improvement in software technology
Different software applications to choose from: word processing,
spreadsheets, database management, games and entertainment.
Computer subjects are now being offered not just to college students
but even to high school and elementary.
Computers are now used as an aid in teaching math, science etc.
12. Presented By -
Jayesh Modi
STUDENT OF GUJARATI INNOVATIVE
COLLEGE, INDORE ,MP