Generation of computer by Inayat ur rehman

1. GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
TOPIC NAME
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
PRESENTED BY
INAYAT UR REHMAN
ROLL NO 1205
SUBMITTED TO SIR MOHIB .

2. COMPUTER GENERATION
 Computer has become a part of our life. Today along with calculations, their
work area is very wide-supermarket and calculate our grocery bill and also keep
store inventory, automatic teller machines (ATM’s) help us in banking transaction.
 How the technology has developed and what its future course is. To
understand this first we should know about the different generation of
computers.

3. Generation of Computers
 Basedon the characteristics of various computers developed from time to time, they
are categorized asgeneration of computers.
Generation
of
Computers
First
Generation
Second
Generation
Third
Generation
Fourth
Generation
Fifth
Generation

4. COMPUTER GENERATIONS
 1ST GENERATION OF COMPUTER 1937 TO 1953
 2ND GENERATION OF COMPUTER 1954 TO 1962
 3RD GENERATION OF COMPUTER 1963 TO 1971
 4TH GENERATION OF COMPUTER 1972 TO 1984
 5TH GENERATION OF COMPUTER 1984 PRESENT

5. 1ST GENERATION OF COMPUTER
(1937 TO 1953)
TECHNOLOGY USED
 First-generation computers used vacuum tubes
 Vacuum TUBE

6. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER
UNIAVC- COMPUTER, ENIAC , IBM-701
 CharacterizedBy:-
 Magnetic Drums
for memory
Punch Card
Difficult to
program
Usedmachine
language.

7. DISADVANTAGES OF 1ST GENERATION OF
COMPUTER
 The disadvantages of the first-generation computers are:
1. Very large in Size
2. They emitted large amounts of heat because they used lots of
vacuum tubes
3. AIR conditioning was required.
4. Very Costly
5. Single tasking
6. Consumer very large amount of Electricity
7. Do not Commercially available.

8. 2ND GENERATION OF COMPUTER
(1954-1962)
TECHNOLOGY USED :
 In this generation of computer, transistors were used in
place of vacuum tubes.

9. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER

10. Characterized By:-
Magnetic Cores Magnetic Disk/Tapes

SUPPORT MACHINE language & And Assembly Language
Easierto program

11.  ADVANTAGES
The advantages that the second-generation
computers are:
They were smaller as compared to first-generation
computers.
They generated less heat.
They took comparatively less computers time
Better Performance.
DISADVANTAGES
The disadvantages that second generation computer:
 They required Air Conditioning.
 Frequent maintenance was required.
 They were difficult and quite expensive.
 Manual Assembly Language .

12. 3rd GENERATION OF COMPUTER
(1963-1971)
TECHNOLOGY USED
 In the third generation of computers integrated circuits (ICs) began
to be used. These ICs were called chips.
 JACK KILBY invented the ic.

13. 3rd Generation computers
 IBM- 360- Developed by IBM in1964.
 PDP –8 -Developed by DEC in1965.
 PDP- 11 - Developed by DEC IN 1970.
 CRA 1 - Developed by CRAY research in 1974.
 VAX - Developed by DEC 1978.
Characterizedby:-
•Minicomputers accessible
by multiple usersfrom remote terminals.

14. ADVANTAGES
THE advantages that the third-generated computers:
They were smaller in size as compared to the second-
generation computers.
They generated less heat.
They reduced computational time.
They involved low maintenance cost.
They were easily portable.
They were comparatively cheaper.
Disadvantages
 IF one in I.C is fail than it means whole circuit has to
replaced.
 Production is limited.

15. 4th Generation of Computer
(1972-1984)
TECHNOLOGY USED
Fourth-generation computers used very large Scale integration
(VLSI) technology.

16. 4th Generation of Computers
 PERSONAL COMPUTER
 STAR 1000, CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer), DEC 10, PDP 11, CRAY-1
Characterizedby:
The personal computer and user
friendly micro-programs, very fast
processor chip high level language,
OOP (Object
Oriented
Programming)

18. 5th Generation of Computer
(1985-Present)
 TECNOLOGY USE
In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra
Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of
microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This
generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI
(Artificial Intelligence) software.

19. 5th Generation Computer
 Desktop
 Laptop
 Notebook
 Ultra Book
 Chrome Books.