The document describes the five generations of computers. The first generation used vacuum tubes, took up entire rooms, and relied on machine language. The second generation introduced transistors and magnetic core memory, were smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits which increased speed and efficiency and keyboards/monitors were introduced. The fourth generation used microprocessors, making computers smaller, cheaper and more powerful. The fifth generation is still being developed and aims to create thinking machines using artificial intelligence.

1. -Palash Ratner

2.  Used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory
 Size were often enormous, taking up
entire rooms and very expensive
 First generation computers relied on
machine language, the lowest-level
programming language
 Input was based on punched cards and
paper tape, and output was displayed
on printouts
 UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are
examples of this generation

3.  Transistors replaced vacuum
tubes for circuitry and magnetic
drums by magnetic core
technology for memory in this
generation
 Smaller, faster, and more reliable
 Second-generation computers
moved to symbolic, or assembly,
languages, COBOL and
FORTRAN are also developed at
these times.
 Second-generation computers
still relied on punched cards for
input and printouts for output.
 IBM 7094, CDC 3600 computers
are examples of this generation

4.  IC (Integrated Circuit) are used for
circuitry which drastically increased
the speed and efficiency of computers.
 The development of Third Generation
Computers resulted end of the usage of
first and second generation computers.
 These 3rd Generation Computer
generate less heat then its
predecessors.
 users interacted with third generation
computers through keyboards and
monitors
 Computers for the first time became
accessible to a public.
 Floppy Drive (80kb) Came into picture
invented by IBM Eg. PDP-8 , CDC 6600

5.  The microprocessor brought the
fourth generation of computers .
 What in the first generation filled
an entire room could now fit in the
palm of the hand and lot cheaper
 smaller, faster, more reliable, and
lower in price
 Size of a television or much
smaller
 Can do 500,000 to 1,000,000,000
operations/second
 Cost one-tenth, or less, the
amount of third generation
 very common in homes and
business
 Eg Apple , Dell Alienware, Dell
inspiron ,etc…

6.  These generation will be thinking
machines .
 Fifth generation computing
devices, based on artificial
intelligence, are still in
development
 The goal of fifth-generation
computing is to develop devices
that respond to natural language
input and are capable of learning
and self-organization though
there are some applications, such
as voice recognition.
 Quantum computation and
molecular and nanotechnology
will radically change the face of
computers in years to come.