Everything is made of matter, which has mass and volume. Matter exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. It can be natural or man-made. Atoms are the smallest particles of matter and molecules are formed when two or more atoms join together. Materials have different properties depending on how hard, soft, flexible, or breakable they are. Thermal conductors allow heat to pass through easily while insulators do not. Mixtures are two substances mixed together, either heterogeneously where the separate substances can be seen or homogeneously as a solution where the substances mix at a molecular level. Changes in matter can be physical, involving changes in shape, place or state, or chemical, forming new molecules

1. natural

2. Absolutely everything is made of matter. All matter has a mass and a volume.
Mass is the amount of matter.
Volume is the space it takes up.
Matter can be natural or man-made and exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.
Matter

3. Absolutely everything is made of matter.

5. All matter has a mass and a volume.

6. Mass is the amount of matter.

7. Volume is the space it takes up.

8. Matter can be natural or man-made

9. Matter can be natural or man-made and exists in
three states: solid, liquid and gas.

10. What is matter?
are the smallest particles of matter.
A is made when two or more different atoms join together.
Atoms
molecule
atoms
molecule
 We need a microscope to see them.
 They are represented by 1 or 2 letters: O, N, H, Fe, Cl, Na …

11. Atoms

12. molecule

13. Properties of materials

15. Properties of materials
Materials that are very difficult to scratch or cut.
Materials that are easily scratched or cut.
Materials that are difficult to break.
Materials that are easy to break.
Materials that are easy to bend and fold.
Materials that go back to their shape after we squash or strech them.
HardSoftFragile Tough
Flexible
Plastic
diamond
chalk
steel
glass
polythene
sponge

16. Thermal conductors and insulators

19. Thermal conductors and insulators
Why do we feel heat?
Molecules in matter are always moving.
Sometimes, they move FAST. Sometimes, they move SLOWLY.
When they move FAST , we feel HEAT.
When they move SLOWLY , we feel COLD.
THERMAL CONDUCTORS
Their molecules are free to
move about. This means they
can get very hot.
glass metal
THERMAL INSULATORS
Their molecules are close
together and can’t move about.
This means they can’t get hot.
plastic wood

20. Mixtures and solutions
MIXTURE = TWO SUBSTANCES MIXED TOGETHER.
HETEROGENEOUS
Mixture
· We can see the separate
substances.
· Their molecules don’t mix.
Bowl of nuts
Milk and cereals
HOMOGENEOUS mixture (solution)
· We can’t see the separate substances.
· One substance dissolves into the other.
Their molecules mix.
[ SOLUTION = SOLUTE + SOLVENT ]
Solute: The substance that dissolves.
Solvent: The substance that dissolves it.
Milk and coffee
Water and sugar

21. Mixtures and solutions

23. Changes in matter
PHYSICAL CHANGE
The molecules move about
but their structure doesn’t
change.
CHEMICAL CHANGE
New molecules are made
and the matter is changed
forever.
SHAPE
PLAC
E
TEMPERATUR
E
STAT
E
ROT
BURN
RUST
FERMENT