This document provides an introduction to the topic of matter, materials, and forces. It defines matter as anything that takes up space and has mass. There are two types of substances: elements, made of atoms of the same type, and compounds, made of atoms of different types. All matter has general properties like mass, volume, and density, as well as specific properties that distinguish one substance from another. Forces can cause objects to move, change speed or direction, or change shape. The three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - are described based on how tightly or loosely packed the particles are and how they move. Pure substances consist of only one type of matter, while mixtures contain two or more substances that can

1. UNIT 1: MATTER, MATERIALS AND FORCES
INTRODUCTION
 Classify these words:
MATTER NOT MATTER
The Universe is made up of matter and
energy and empty space. Everything
around us, living and non-living, is made
up of matter: plants, animals, books,
tables, the food we eat and the water we
drink. Even the air we breathe is made up
of matter.
notebook – fabric – intelligence – plants – happiness –
animals – sadness – glass - cold

2. MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
Matter
Matter is everything around us. Matter is made out of atoms, that are tiny
particles that are too small to see, even with a microscope. Atoms fit
together with other atoms to make up matter. Any time two atoms join
together they make a molecule. All the stuff around you is made up of
molecules. This includes you! You are actually made up of trillions and
trillions of different types of molecules.
There are two different types of substances:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avgFqlNML5o
Properties
 Can you say properties of these objects?
ELEMENTS:
When atoms of the
same type join
together.
IRON
COMPOUNDS:
When atoms of
different type join
together.
WATER

3. All matter has got two different types of properties
GENERAL PROPERTIES SPECIFIC PROPERTIES
 Mass
 Volume
 Density
 Hardness
 Solubility
 Thermal
conductivity
 …
 All matter has got the
general properties.
 Specific properties allow us
to distinguish one
substance from another.
PROPERTIES
OF
MATTER
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ki4O-Fy3z-0

4. Before experimenting…
How can we weight a solid?
How can we weight a liquid?

5. How can we measure the volume of a liquid?
How can we measure the volume of a solid?

6. WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT DENSITY?
Density explains why some objects float in water while others sink.
Look at the densities of cork, water and iron.
0,25 g/ml
1 g/ml
7,9 g/ml
FORCES AND THEIR EFFECTS
A force is a push or pull that acts on an object. We can’t see forces, but we can see and feel their
effects. Forces can make things move, stop, speed up, slow down, or change direction. Forces
can also make things change shape.
Some forces act from a distance. These forces are called non-contact forces.
Other forces act through physical contact. These are called contact forces.

7. STATES OF MATTER
1. Label the diagram with the information about the three states of matter using the
words in the box.

8. 2. Look at the photos below and identify the three states of matter. Some photos may
show more tan one state of matter.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
3. Listen to the recording about changes of state. Complete the missing information.
 In solids, particles are _________ ________ __________forming
a ___________ ____________. They just vibrate __ ________.
 In liquids, particles are _______________________, have a
_________________________ and move ______ ______ _____.
 In gases, particles are _____ _________, have a ___________
_____________ and move __ ___ _________ ______ ________.
 As matter is _________, its particles begin to move
more and more.
 As matter is cooled its particles move
______ _____ ______.

9. WHAT TYPES OF MATTER ARE THERE?
According to its composition, we can classify matter into pure substances and
mixtures.
 Pure substances, such as table salt or silver, consist of only one type of matter.
 Mixtures are made up of two or more pure substances and can be
homogeneous or heterogeneous.
o In a homogeneous mixture, such as the air we breathe or sea water, we
cannot see the individual substances that make it up.
o In a heterogeneous mixture, such as sand or a salad, we can see the
individual substances that make it up.
There are different methods to separate the substances in mixtures:
Decantation
We use a decantation to
separate a solid from a liquid or
two liquids with different
densities.
Distillation
Where a mixture made of two
or more liquids with different
boiling points can be
separated from each other.
Filtration
When we pour the juice of a
lemon through a filter, the
solids stay in the filter, and the
liquid passes through it.
Evaporation
When we heat a mixture of
salt and water, the liquid
evaporates and leaves only
the solids which crystallise
and form salt crystals.
Sieving
We use a sieve to separate
solids of different sizes, such
as pebbles from sand.

10. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES
Matter can’t be created or destroyed; it just changes. Some of the changes I undergoes
are physical and others are chemical. During physical changes the appearance of the
matter changes, but its chemical properties remains the same. Chemical reactions
change a substance into a new one with different properties.
PHYSICAL CHANGES

11. CHEMICAL CHANGES