The document discusses different types of properties of matter including physical, chemical, and biological properties. It defines physical properties as those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance such as mass, volume, density, state, color, odor, and hardness. Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to change into a new substance with different properties through chemical reactions. Biological properties distinguish living from nonliving things.

1. PROPERTIES OF MATTER 6 th Grade Matter Unit

2. Characteristic Properties The properties that are most useful in identifying a substance are its characteristic properties. Remember the difference between physical and chemical properties. Physical properties can be observed! (with your eyes!) IDENTITY OF SUBSTANCE DOES NOT CHANGE! You can observe chemical properties only in situations in which the identity of the substance could change.

3. Types of Properties Physical : properties that can be observed without changing the IDENTITY of the matter A physical property is a property or characteristic of and object or substance that can be observed, described, and measured without changing the matter. Chemical: property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance) Biological: properties of that distinguish living from nonliving matter (growing, moving, reproduce, breathing, responding)

4. What are physical properties? A physical property is a property or characteristic of and object or substance that can be observed, described, and measured without changing the matter.

5. Mass Definition: The amount of matter Example: Triple beam balance to measure Measured in gram units

6. Volume Definition: how much space the matter takes up Example: Irregular objects: Water displacement Regular objects use measurement Liters or m 3 1ml = 1cm 3

7. Density Definition: Mass per unit volume Example: D=M/V g/l, g/ml, or g/cm 3 Lead is used for fishing weights because it is more dense than water

8. More information about density... Density = The amount of matter in a given space or volume Density = m Mass v Volume

9. More information about density... Most substances have a unique density: Water = 1.00 g/mL Gold = 19.32 g/mL (See page 13 in your book for a bigger list) Density < 1 - The object will float in water Density > 1 – The object will sink in water

10. The Magic Triangle Answers are expressed in g/cm 3 or g/mL m D V

11. State Definition: The form in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma Ice = Solid Water = Liquid Helium = Gas Lightning = Plasma

12. Important Temperatures Melting Point: The temperature when a solid becomes a liquid. Boiling Point: The temperature when a liquid becomes a gas. Freezing Point: The temperature when a liquid becomes a solid. Condensation Point: The temperature when a gas becomes a liquid.

13. State

14. Color Definition: The ability to reflect color Example: Apples – reflect red or green light Dog – white with black spots Hair – blonde or black Berries – black, red, blue Smoke – white or black

15. Odor Definition: The smell or non smell of matter Odorless, flowery, spicy, nauseating, sweet

16. Clarity Definition: The ability for light to pass through matter Transparent : all light passes through Translucent : some light passes through Opaque : no light passes through

17. Luster Definition: The ability to reflect light Shiny : more reflection Dull : less reflection

18. Form Definition: The structure in the matter Regular: patterned, cellular, crystalline Irregular – no pattern

19. Texture Definition: Describing the surface of the matter Examples of textures: Rough - Smooth - Sharp - Soft - Hard - Bumpy -

20. Brittleness Definition: The ability to break or shatter easily Example:

21. Thermal Conductivity Definition: The ability to transfer thermal energy (heat) to something else Example: Coffee in a special cup to prevent heat transfer to our hands

22. Electrical Conductivity Definition: The ability to conduct electricity (the atoms allow their electron to move or flow) Example: Metals and non metals Conductors – good conductivity Insulators – no conductivity

23. Viscosity Definition: The ability for matter to flow Example: Viscous and non- viscous Syrup, oil, water all have different viscosities (ml/s)

24. Hardness Definition: The ability to resist scratching The Mohs Hardness Scale: 1 talc 2 gypsum 3 calcite 4 fluorite 5 apatite 6 orthoclase 7 quartz 8 topaz 9 corundum 10 diamond

25. Malleability Definition: The ability to be pounded into thin sheets Example: Aluminum can be pounded flat to make aluminum foil

26. Ductility Definition: The ability to be drawn into thin wires Example: Copper is used to make wires

27. Example: Drink mix dissolves in water or sugar dissolves in coffee Solubility Definition: The ability for one substance to dissolve into another substance

28. Physical Changes A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance. Physical changes do not form new substances! EX: ice melting or sugar dissolving Physical changes are easy to undo.

29. Chemical Properties property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance) Chemical properties describe a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties. Chemical properties cannot be observed with your senses. Chemical properties aren’t as easy to observe as physical properties. Examples of chemical properties: flammability and reactivity

30. Chemical Properties property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance) Chemical properties describe a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties. Chemical properties cannot be observed with your senses. Chemical properties aren’t as easy to observe as physical properties. Examples of chemical properties: flammability and reactivity Ex: wood burns to form ash and smoke

31. Chemical Properties

32. Chemical Changes A chemical change occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties. You can observe chemical properties only when a chemical change might occur! Examples of chem. changes: baking a cake rusting

33. Clues to chemical changes Color change Fizzing or bubbling (gas production) Heat Production of light, sound, or odor. Chemical changes are not usually reversible!