pregnancy problem of ewe
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Ewes can experience several pregnancy problems including pregnancy toxemia, hypocalcemia (milk fever), and hypomagnesaemia (grass staggers). Pregnancy toxemia occurs when ewes do not receive enough nutrition in the last weeks of pregnancy. Hypocalcemia is caused by stress lowering blood calcium levels in late pregnancy. Hypomagnesaemia results from ewes consuming fast-growing spring grass low in magnesium. Treatment for these conditions involves calcium or magnesium supplementation through intravenous or subcutaneous injections.
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El documento explica la diferencia entre constantes y variables en programación. Las constantes son valores que no cambian como π, mientras que las variables almacenan datos que pueden variar como nombres, números, términos de fórmulas. Las variables se dividen en de texto para cadenas y numéricas para números. La actividad propone calcular el área de un círculo usando una variable para el radio y la fórmula del área.
Phil 447 final exam essays winter 2016
This document contains sample exam questions and passages from a PHIL 447 Final Exam for winter 2016. There are 8 multiple choice and essay questions that assess students' understanding of philosophical concepts like moral relativism, political doctrines, and identifying logical fallacies in arguments. Sample questions ask students to explain flaws in arguments, discuss issues with moral relativism, determine if a scenario involves plagiarism, and analyze passages about political beliefs and intolerance.
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Innbokskontroll og delingskultur - Skudenes og Aakra Sparebank. Stord, 11.m...
Innbokskontroll og delingskultur - Skudenes og Aakra Sparebank. Stord, 11.m...
Similar to pregnancy problem of ewe
kwashiorkor disease .pdf
Kwashiorkor disease is from problem that often in relationship with children, and it's because defeciency of protein and normal or high calories .
METABOLICDISEASESOFFARMANIMALS.ppt
1) Parturient paresis, also known as milk fever, is a hypocalcemia condition in cattle, sheep, and goats around the time of giving birth, characterized by weakness, recumbency, and potentially death without treatment.
2) It occurs due to a failure to maintain normal blood calcium levels as demand for calcium increases for lactation, despite regulatory hormones like parathyroid hormone.
3) Clinical signs progress from head tremors to recumbency in three stages - standing, sternal recumbency, and lateral recumbency. Treatment involves rapid intravenous calcium supplementation.
Lecture 14 : Animal Diseases
This document discusses production diseases of cattle. It begins by defining production diseases as those induced by management practices, with metabolic diseases being typical examples. It then discusses several specific production diseases of cattle in detail, including milk fever/parturient paresis, ketosis/acetonemia, and fatty liver syndrome, covering the etiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of each disease.
Causes & Treatment of Diarrhoea in Cattle
What is diarrhea in cattle and what causes it?
• Diarrhea (purging, scours) can have many causes.
• Possible causes include bacterial and viral infections, certain chemicals, intestinal parasites, poor diet, overfeeding on milk or lush grass, poisonous plants and other toxins, food allergies and even stress.
• In diarrhea, the intestine fails to adequately absorb fluids, and/or secretion into the intestine is increased. Loss of fluids through diarrhea produces dehydration and the loss of certain body salts.
• It causes a change in body tissue composition and severe depression in the animal.
• Death from scours is usually the result of dehydration and loss of body salts rather than invasion of an infectious agent.
• The correct determination of the cause of diarrhea is important in order to take effective preventive measures.
Metabolic and horse important diseases.pptx
This document discusses metabolic diseases and provides information on metabolic profile tests (MPT). It covers:
1. Types of tests included in MPT like glucose, BUN, serum proteins, minerals.
2. Factors considered in MPT interpretation like age, diet, production data.
3. What the tests indicate about energy, protein and mineral status. Glucose reflects energy; urea, proteins reflect protein; minerals like P and Ca reflect mineral status.
4. Causes, stages and treatment of hypocalcemia conditions like milk fever in cows and does. Prevention focuses on diet and calcium supplementation.
Lecture 15 infertility in sheep and goats
Infertility in sheep and goats is explained in this lecture. Useful for veterinary students, practitioners, and researchers.
Nursing management of Preterm, Term, Post-term and IUGR Baby.pptx
Pediatrics, MSC NURSING NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PRE TERM,TERM,POST-TERM AND IUGR BABY
#pediatrics #education #nursing @nursing #pediatrics nursing @msc @nursingofficer #communication #health #medicine #healthcare #career #teaching #internet #art #medicos
Iron Deficiency Anemia for medical students
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common micronutrient deficiency globally. It can range from a sub-clinical state to severe anemia. Dietary iron comes from heme iron in animal foods and non-heme iron in plants, which is less bioavailable. Iron absorption is influenced by inhibitors like tea and promoters like vitamin C. Infants are at high risk of iron deficiency due to demands of growth and limited stores from breast milk alone. Symptoms include fatigue, pallor, and pica. Diagnosis involves clinical signs, labs, and response to iron supplementation. Consequences include impaired development and increased infection risk if left untreated.
Gestational diabetes
This document provides information on gestational diabetes, including its definition, symptoms, causes, risk factors, screening, and management. Some key points:
- Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy due to pregnancy hormones interfering with insulin production and function.
- It can cause complications for both the mother and baby, such as preeclampsia, macrosomia, and birth trauma.
- Risk factors include age over 25, obesity, family history of diabetes, and previous gestational diabetes or large baby.
- Screening involves a glucose challenge test, and treatment focuses on controlling blood sugar levels through diet, exercise, and possibly insulin to prevent issues.
- Strict management
Seminar on neonatal cholestasis
This document provides information about evaluating a neonate presenting with cholestatic jaundice. It discusses performing a history and physical exam to identify potential etiologies. Key lab investigations are outlined to establish cholestasis and severity of liver injury. Imaging studies like ultrasound and hepatobiliary scintigraphy can help differentiate between extrahepatic and intrahepatic causes. The document reviews various etiologies of neonatal cholestasis including biliary atresia, idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, choledochal cyst, galactosemia, and TPN-related cholestasis. Timely evaluation is important to diagnose treatable conditions and identify those requiring surgical intervention.
Protein energy malnutrition in children english
THESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND CHILD HEALTH DISORDERS IN EASY WAY
Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
youtube channel
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Lambing lunch-GFAVS lecture
This document provides an overview of lambing for students going on farm placements. It discusses the basics of lambing including attitude, appearance, daily routine, and common issues. The normal lambing process is outlined along with how to correct malpresentations. Problem lambings like breech births and twins are addressed. Ewe care including common diseases like pregnancy toxemia and hypocalcemia are also covered. The document aims to prepare students for lambing but notes the farmer's experience and emphasizes always listening to their guidance.
vit A.pptx
This document discusses vitamin A and D deficiencies in animals. It notes that vitamin A plays important roles in vision, bone growth, epithelial tissues and immune function. Deficiencies can result from inadequate intake or absorption and cause night blindness, bone abnormalities and increased disease susceptibility. Vitamin D deficiency also impairs bone mineralization and growth. In young animals it causes rickets and bone deformities, while in adults it leads to osteomalacia and pathological bone fractures. The document provides details on the etiology, clinical signs, treatment and control of these deficiencies.
Ascariasis- Roundworm Infection
Ascariasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, a species of roundworm. Infections have no symptoms in more than 85% of cases, especially if the number of worms is small. Symptomatic ascariasis may manifest as growth retardation, pneumonitis, intestinal obstruction, or hepatobiliary and pancreatic injury.
Diarrheal diseases
1) Diarrheal diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide, especially in developing countries, with nearly 1.5 million children dying from acute diarrhea in India alone each year.
2) The causes of diarrhea in children include viral, bacterial, and protozoal infections transmitted through contaminated food and water, as well as non-infectious causes like malnutrition and inflammatory bowel diseases.
3) Treatment of diarrhea involves oral rehydration with solutions like ORS to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances, continued feeding, and potentially antibiotics for bacterial causes or zinc supplementation.
Vet obst lecture 3 Diseases and accidents of gestation
The diseases and accidents of gestation are described in this lecture. Useful for students, practitioners, and researchers.
changes in pragnency
The document summarizes several changes that occur in the body during pregnancy. In the respiratory system, the chest expands and the diaphragm is elevated due to the growing uterus. This can cause shortness of breath. The kidneys and bladder are also affected, with increased urinary frequency. Digestion is slowed, causing constipation, heartburn, and nausea in early pregnancy. Weight gain averages 12.5 kg by term, and joints loosen in preparation for birth. Skin pigmentation and vascular changes like linea nigra and palmar erythema also occur due to hormonal influences.
Anemia in Pregnancy
Anaemia is common in pregnancy and can have serious consequences. The World Health Organization defines anaemia in pregnancy as a haemoglobin level below 11g/dL, though some territories use 10g/dL. Anaemia contributes to maternal mortality, especially in developing countries. Common causes include iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiencies, which can often be prevented with supplementation. Other causes include genetic conditions like sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Treatment depends on severity and may involve oral or intravenous iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, or blood transfusions in severe cases. Managing underlying conditions and nutritional deficiencies can help prevent anaemia in pregnancy.
Iron deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is a common global health problem affecting 30% of the population. It causes decreased work productivity and increases maternal, child, and infant mortality. Good dietary sources of iron include liver, oats, legumes, and cashew nuts. Iron deficiency can be treated with oral iron supplements taken for 8 weeks, while severe cases may require intravenous iron or blood transfusions. Prevention strategies include iron fortification of infant formula and treating iron deficiency in at-risk groups like adolescent females.
Calf bloat /abomasal tympany by Dr.Amandeep
since rumen is not functional in calves. when calves take excess of milk or milk replacers, they get abomasal bloat.
ruminal bloat is rare in calves but only occur when there is excess intake of milk or milk replacers in newly developed rumen... HOPE,, this ppt will help
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Nursing management of Preterm, Term, Post-term and IUGR Baby.pptx
Nursing management of Preterm, Term, Post-term and IUGR Baby.pptx
Vet obst lecture 3 Diseases and accidents of gestation
Vet obst lecture 3 Diseases and accidents of gestation
More from PMAS Arid Agriculture Univsersity Rawalpindi
Fowl pox
Fowl pox is a viral disease of birds caused by avipoxvirus. There are two forms: a skin/cutaneous form presenting as wart-like skin lesions, and a diphtheritic form with lesions in the mouth and respiratory tract causing breathing difficulty. The virus is spread through direct contact between birds or indirectly on hands/clothes of handlers. Diagnosis is based on characteristic lesions seen during examination or histopathology. There is no treatment, but vaccination can help prevent the disease from spreading. Proper sanitation, mosquito control, and disposal of dead birds are important control measures.
Case presentation
1) Four pigeons out of a flock of 40 were experiencing white and green diarrhea for the past 3 days. They had not been vaccinated.
2) The previous veterinarian had treated the pigeons with various antibiotics and medications without success.
3) The presenting veterinarian diagnosed the pigeons with an infectious disease based on the symptoms and history. He treated them with injections of atropine, gentamicin, and oral medications.
4) After treatment, one pigeon died but the other three showed improvement, starting to eat again and having their condition stabilize. The owner was satisfied with an 85% recovery rate.
Disaster mangement of livestock due to flood
This document summarizes livestock management during floods in Pakistan. It defines disasters and floods, then discusses key aspects of livestock management including mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Mitigation involves structural measures like housing animals away from flood plains and non-structural activities like advising owners of risks. Preparedness includes arranging animal shelters, food/water storage, and vaccination programs. Response consists of veterinary clinics and rescue operations. Recovery supports reconstructing infrastructure and restoring animal and community wellbeing through veterinary care and contingency planning. Overall it outlines the main strategies for managing livestock when floods occur in Pakistan.
Estrus cycle of cat family
The document summarizes the estrus cycle of feline species including tigers, lions, leopards, and domestic cats. It describes the stages of their estrus cycles which typically include proestrus, estrus, interestrus, and anestrus. During estrus, females exhibit behaviors to attract males like vocalizing, scent marking with urine, and rubbing. They are induced ovulators, requiring stimulation from mating for ovulation to occur. The cycles last from 3-9 weeks depending on the species. Cubs are typically born after gestation periods of 85-121 days.
Canine parovo case
1. A 4-month old dog presented with bloody diarrhea, anemia, fever, lethargy and loss of appetite for 6 days. A tentative diagnosis of canine parvovirus infection was made based on clinical signs.
2. Diagnosis was confirmed with ELISA, hemagglutination and PCR tests. Differential diagnoses considered were canine distemper virus and poisoning.
3. Previous treatments included antibiotics, anti-nausea medication, anti-toxins and antihistamines, with no improvement.
Pregnancy problems of ewe
Ewes can experience several pregnancy problems including pregnancy toxemia, hypocalcemia (milk fever), and hypomagnesaemia (grass staggers). Pregnancy toxemia occurs when ewes do not receive enough nutrition in the last weeks of pregnancy. Hypocalcemia is caused by stress lowering blood calcium levels in late pregnancy. Hypomagnesaemia results from ewes consuming fast-growing spring grass low in magnesium. Treatment for these conditions involves calcium or magnesium supplementation through intravenous or subcutaneous injections.
Body fluid and acid base balance
This document presents information about body fluid and acid-base balance. It discusses the composition and compartments of body fluids, including intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, milk, and tears. It also covers acid-base balance, noting the normal pH range is maintained by buffering systems, ventilation rates, and renal function. When there is too much or too little hydrogen ions, acid-base imbalances like acidosis or alkalosis can occur, which the respiratory and urinary systems work to compensate for and maintain pH homeostasis.
Significance of hygiene meat for public health
The document discusses the importance of meat hygiene and quality assurance for public health. It states that meat hygiene programs aim to control hygiene standards across the entire meat production chain, from animal health and slaughter to transportation, storage and handling. This helps safeguard consumer health by ensuring meat is free from contamination and hazards. Key aspects of meat hygiene programs include ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection, hygienic facilities and equipment, personnel hygiene training, and sanitary standard operating procedures for cleaning and maintenance. The overall goal is to produce meat that is safe for human consumption.
Body fluids
The document provides information about body fluid and acid-base balance. It discusses the composition and compartments of body fluids, including intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, milk, and tears. It then explains acid-base balance, noting the normal pH range is maintained by buffering systems, ventilation rates, and renal function. Specifically, the bicarbonate and phosphate buffering systems help control hydrogen ion levels, while the lungs and kidneys also work to eliminate or retain hydrogen ions to keep pH within the normal range. Deviations from this range can result in acidosis if there is too much hydrogen ion or alkalosis if there is too little.
Dermatobia
The document discusses myiasis caused by the human bot fly (Dermatobia hominis). It describes the bot fly's classification, life cycle, and hosts. Female bot flies attach their eggs to mosquitoes and other flies, which later deposit the eggs on mammal hosts while feeding. The eggs hatch and larvae burrow into the skin. They undergo three larval stages within the host before emerging to pupate in the soil. Common prevention and treatment methods include suffocating the larvae to make them emerge from lesions, then removing them with forceps or other techniques. The wound typically heals within 1-2 weeks.
Anatomy of abdomina nerves
The document summarizes the anatomy of abdominal nerves. It describes that the vagus nerve originates in the brain and forms plexuses like the celiac plexus that supply the stomach, liver, and pancreas. The renal and ovarian plexuses also arise from the celiac plexus to innervate the kidneys, ovaries, and uterus. The lumbar nerves like the iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, and genitofemoral nerves branch from the lumbar spine to innervate the inguinal region. The lumbosacral plexus is formed from the lumbar and sacral plexuses and gives rise to nerves like the pudendal nerve that forms the pelvic plexus to
Anatomy of head and cervical region of goat
This document summarizes the anatomy of the head and cervical region of goats. It describes the key bones that make up the skull, including the cranium and facial parts. It outlines the paranasal sinuses and lists the main ones found in goats. The document also discusses the horns, superficial veins, facial nerves, muscles, brain, eyes, and the seven cervical vertebrae that make up the neck region in goats.
Anatomy of head and cervical region of goat
This document summarizes the anatomy of the head and cervical region of goats. It describes the key bones that make up the skull, including the cranium and facial parts. It outlines the paranasal sinuses and lists the main ones found in goats. The document also discusses the horns, superficial veins, facial nerves, muscles, brain, eyes, and the seven cervical vertebrae that make up the neck region in goats.
Anatomy of goat liver
The liver is the largest gland in the body, located mostly on the right side and weighing 550-700 grams. It has two surfaces - the parietal surface faces upward and to the right, while the irregular visceral surface faces downward. The visceral surface has impressions from adjacent organs. The liver receives blood from the hepatic artery and portal vein, and drains into the posterior vena cava via hepatic veins. The liver performs many important metabolic functions like carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, bile synthesis, detoxification, storage of nutrients, and production of coagulation factors.
Nerves of cervical and thorasic region
The document discusses the nervous system and details the cervical, thoracic, and intercostal nerves. It explains that the cervical nerves branch off the spinal cord and control different parts of the body. It then describes each of the 8 cervical nerves and their functions. The document continues by discussing the anatomy and branches of the thoracic and intercostal nerves, detailing their roles in controlling the chest, back, abdomen and skin.
Venous supply of fore and hind limb
The document summarizes the venous supply of the fore and hind limbs. For the fore limb, it lists 17 veins that drain the fore limb including the subclavian vein, brachial vein, median cubital vein, and dorsal metacarpal veins. For the hind limb, it lists 13 veins including the internal iliac vein, femoral vein, popliteal vein, and dorsal pedal vein. The document provides the names of the major veins that return blood from the fore and hind limbs.
Anatomy of udder in goat
An udder is an organ formed of mammary glands in female quadruped mammals, especially ruminants like cows and goats. It contains the mammary glands which produce and store milk. The udder provides milk for feeding offspring through the teats located on the underside of the organ.
Anatomy of goat ear
The ear is divided into three parts - external, middle, and internal. The external ear includes the auricle and external acoustic meatus. The middle ear contains the tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles that transmit vibrations. The internal ear houses the membranous labyrinth containing endolymph and the auditory nerve endings. Sound waves enter the external ear and cause the tympanic membrane and ossicles to vibrate, transmitting the vibrations through the middle ear to the fluid-filled inner ear for interpretation by the brain.
Umb urea molasses block
Urea Molasses Blocks (UMB) are supplements that can increase the digestibility and intake of fibrous feeds like pasture by animals. UMB are made from a mixture of molasses, urea, bran, salt, and cement. They provide protein and minerals to animals and increase productivity. Proper mixing, molding, and drying is required when making UMB. Characteristics like stickiness and hardness determine quality. UMB should be introduced slowly and used as a supplement, not the primary feed, to avoid toxicity issues.
Mottgrass
Mott grass is an improved variety of dwarf napier grass introduced to Pakistan in 1987 from the USA and Africa. It is a perennial fodder crop that is high-yielding, highly palatable, and nutritious. Mott grass plants are tall with broad, long leaves and thick stems that can grow up to 6.5 meters high. It is planted like sugarcane and produces high yields of green fodder, with multiple harvests possible each year at intervals of 30-45 days. Mott grass thrives in Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, as well as countries like the USA, Africa, France, and Kenya.
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Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
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pregnancy problem of ewe
- 1. “Pregnancy Problems Of Ewe” 1 Presented to: Dr. Kashif Ishaq Presented By: 14-Arid-2022 14-Arid-2025 Evening B Group
- 2. Contents…! 2 • Introduction of Ewe • Puberty • Pregnancy • Pragnancy problems • Source from taken data
- 3. Ewe 3 “ The female of the sheep especially when it fully mature”. • A member of a people of Togo and Ghana, in western Africa, the Kwa language spoken by the Ewe people.
- 4. Pic of Ewe 4
- 5. Puberty 5 • Ewes generally reach Puberty at six to eight months of age . • Puberty is when a ewe reaches sexual maturity and exhibits estrus (heat) for the first time. • The age of puberty is influenced by breed, genetic selection, body size, nutrition, and season of birth.
- 6. Pregnancy 6 The average gestation length in sheep varies from 142 to 152 days. • The average is 147 days. • There are breed differences in gestation length.
- 7. Pragnancy problems 7 01. Pregnancy toxaemia 02. Hypocalcaemia 03. Hypomagnesaemia
- 8. 01.Pregnancy toxaemia 8 • ketosis, pregnancy toxemia • Pregnancy toxaemia occurs when low levels of glucose in the blood, damage the brain and result in dehydration, kidney failure and potentially death. • It usually occurs in the last weeks of pregnancy.
- 9. Causes 9 not receive enough nutrition. • In Western Australia, autumn is a precarious time for ewes dry feed is minimal and the pregnant ewe’s nutritional needs are increasing, making her susceptible to pregnancy toxaemia.
- 10. Symptoms 10 • standing apart from the flock • not grazing • not coming to the trough at feeding time.
- 11. Treatment 11 • Propylene glycol can be given orally that acts as a precursor to glucose • administering IV dextrose
- 12. 02. Hypocalcaemia 12 (Also known as Milk Fever) • It can occur in late pregnancy. • The condition can be induced by some form of stress with her normal metabolism low blood calcium.
- 13. Symptoms 13 • in the early stages the ewe difficult walk • Her pupils will be dilated, As the condition progresses, she will become recumbent, or with her chin on the ground unable to raise her head and she may start to produce a frothy fluid from her mouth and nose.
- 14. Diagnosis 14 • Because a significant Ca albumin
- 15. Treatment 15 • administered as calcium borogluconate IV (50–150 mL of a 23% solution)
- 16. 03. Hypomagnesaemia 16 (Also known as Grass Staggers) • Fast-growing spring grass is often very low in magnesium, especially if it has been heavily fertilised with nitrogen and potash fertiliser, resulting in low blood magnesium in the ewe
- 17. Symptoms 17 • animals will appear over-alert • if left untreated the condition progresses quickly, • causing excitability and spasms, or convulsions, leading to collapse and death in a few hours
- 18. Treatment 18 . • 1. Slow intravenous injection of calcium borogluconate and magnesium sulphate • 2. Further subcutaneous injection of a solution containing a higher concentration of magnesium.
- 19. Picture 19
- 20. Source 20 • Helen A. Swartz, State Sheep, Goat and Small Livestock Specialist • Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition) Merial (Pregnancy Toxaemia) • Durlach, J; Bac, P; Durlach, V; Bara, M; Guiet- Bara, A (June 1997). "Neurotic, neuromuscular and autonomic nervous form of magnesium imbalance". Magnesium research (International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium) (Hypocalcaemia)
- 21. Source 21 • Foster, A. (2007) Farm Animal Practice: Magnesium disorders in ruminants In Practice 29:534-539 (Hypomagnesaemia)