2. Body Fluid And Acid BAse
BAlAnce•
Presented to: Ms. AyeshA
huMAyun
Presented By: FAisAl shAhzAd
14-Arid-2022
evening B grouP
3. Body Fluids
Total amount of fluid in the body is
Approximately 70% of body weight
Body fluid has been divided into two
compartments
1-Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Inside the cells
55% of total body water
2-Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Outside the cells
45% of total body water
4. Composition of Body Fluids
Electrolytes
Cations: sodium, potassium, calcium hydrogen
and magnesium
Anions: chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate and
sulfate
Non-electrolytes
Glucose
Urea
Protein and lipid
5. Body Fluid Compartments
Extracellular fluid includ
Interstitial fluid
Present between the cells
Approximately 80%
Plasma
Present in blood
Approximately 20% of ECF
Also includes
Lymph
synovial fluid and cerebrospinal fluid
7. Lymph
Clear and colorless fluid
96% water and 4% solids
Solids
Proteins
2-6% of solids
albumin, globulin and fibrinogen
Lipids
5-15%
Carbohydrates
Glucose mainly
Electrolytes
Sodium, calcium and potassium
13. ACID BASE BANALANCE
Normal range of pH
7.38 – 7.42
Controlled by systems which maintain H+
levels:
1-Buffering Systems
2-Ventilation Rates
3-Renal Function
14. 1-Buffering Systems
Any molecule capable of picking up H ion can
act as a buffer: such as ammonia (NH3)
Buffering System 1. Bicarbonate buffering system
Buffering System 2. Phosphate buffering system
15. 2-Ventilation Rates
It’s all about CO2 and the bicarbonate buffering
system
• Increased ventilation rate causes removal of CO2
and H2O
Hyperventilation drives the reaction to the left causing
removal of H+
, pH goes up
Hypoventilation drives the reaction to the right,
causing additional H+
, pH goes down
16. 3-Renal Function
Through the aspects of tubular secretion and
reabsorption
Bicarbonate (HCO3
-
) is produced and reabsorbed,
acting as a buffer, stabilizing pH
H+
is capable of being secreted and excreted,
reducing its concentration and causing pH to go
up.
19. Acid Base Imbalances
Acidosis = too much H+
causing pH to drop
Alkalosis = too little H+
causing pH to rise
The urinary and respiratory systems work together to
control and maintain pH within homeostatic parameters
The systems will compensate for each other if
needed