The liver is the largest gland in the body, located mostly on the right side and weighing 550-700 grams. It has two surfaces - the parietal surface faces upward and to the right, while the irregular visceral surface faces downward. The visceral surface has impressions from adjacent organs. The liver receives blood from the hepatic artery and portal vein, and drains into the posterior vena cava via hepatic veins. The liver performs many important metabolic functions like carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, bile synthesis, detoxification, storage of nutrients, and production of coagulation factors.

1. SUBMITTEDTO:
DR. ZEESHAN AKBAR
SUBMITTED BY:
FAISAL SHAHZAD SOMROO 14-Arid-2022 PMAS

2. LIVER
The liver is the largest gland of the body,
constituting about 1-2 % of total adult body
weight.
It secretes bile and performs various other
metabolic functions

3. Lies almost entirely to the right of median
plane. Its long axis is directed obliquely
downward and forward , about parallel with
median plane and corresponds to the
curvatureThe weight of the liver is about 550
to of right portion of diaphragm
COLOUR ANDWEIGHT
The liver red-brown in color and quite friable
and 550 to700 gram in weight

4. There are two surfaces of liver…..
PARIETAL SURFACE
It is convex and for the most part applied to
the right part of diaphragm , but a small part
is in direct contact with the two ribs and with
the flank at the lumber-costal angle. It faces
upward and to the right.
A small part of parietal surface is in contact
with last 2-3 ribs and presents costal
impressions.

5. VISCERAL SURFACE
It is concave ad very irregular and presents
impressions of the chief organs which are in contact
with it .The Omasum and raticolum . It is also related
to pancreas and duodenum.
PORTAL FISSURE
It is well defined rounded depression , situated dorsal
to omasal impression. And it contains vessels and
ducts , several large hepatic lymph glands. Above the
external to it a part of the pancreas it attached.
UMBLICAL FISSURE
It is deep and partially divides gland into two chief
lobes , dorsal and ventral

7. DORSAL BORDER
It is short and thick , it extends backward a
short distance beyond the upper part of the
rib. It presents the , large , thick , quardi
lateral caudate lobe , and a deep depression
for the right kidney and adrenal.

8. LEFT BORDER
It presents the oesophegeal notch below its
middle. Above this it is practically in median
position and lodges the posterior vena cava
ESOPHGEAL NOTCH
It is represented by a slight impression.
FOSSAVENA CAVA
When the vessels of posterior vena cava is
removed then the under line deep depression is
known as fossa vena cava.

9. The attachment of the liver is governed by six
chief ligaments;
Coronary Ligament
Falciform Ligament
Hepatorenal Ligament kidney
Ligament
Right Lateral Ligament
Left Lateral Ligament

11. There is no left lateral ligament.The faleiform
ligament is usually present but the ligameutum
terse is found only in young subjects.The lesser
omeutum leaves the liver along a line extending
from esophegeal notch
to the portal fissure. Only distinct lobe in adult is
caudate.The caudate lobe is prismatic and blunt
pointed.

12. The attachment of the liver is governed by six chief
ligaments;
Coronary Ligament
Falciform Ligament
Hepatorenal Ligament kidney
Round Ligament
Right Lateral Ligament
Left Lateral Ligament

13. The liver receives two blood supplies.
The Hepatic artery, a branch of ceoliac artery (first
branch of abdominal aorta) supplies
the liver. It is the nutrient blood artery of liver.
The Portal vein carries blood from the stomach,
intestines and spleen to the liver, while all
the venous blood is pour down into the posterior
vena cava via hepatic veins

14. THERE are many functions of liver such as……
METABOLISM of carbohydrates, fats and
proteins.
SYNTHESIS of bile and prothrombin.
EXCRETION of drugs, toxins, poisons,
cholesterol, bile pigments and heavy metals
PROTECTIVE by conjugation, destruction,
phagocytosis, antibody formation and excretion.
STORAGE of glycogen, iron, fat, vitamin A and
D.