for study

1. Estrus Cycle of Cat Family
Presented by: 14-ARID-2022 (E, B Group)
Faisal Shahzad Somroo

2. Contents
Estrus
Normal physiology of bovine
What is cat family?
Estrus cycle of cat family
How induce ovulation occurs?

3. Estrous cycle
• Estral cycle
• Phenomena of the endocrine and reproductive
systems of a female mammal from the beginning of
one period of estrus to the beginning of the next
Follicular phase
Luteal phase

4. Normal physiology of bovine

5. Cat family
• Felidae , feline
• Lineage of carnivorans
Two subfamilies,
the Pantherinae
and the Felinae
• Panthera species tiger, lion,
leopard and snow leopard
• All the non-pantherine majority
of cat species
• seasonally polyestrus
• induced ovulators

6. Estrus Cycle of Cat family

7. • Long day breeders
• Require 12 hours or more of light to maintain normal
cyclicity
• Inhibited when exposed to less than 8 hours of light
• Stages
Proestrus
Estrus
Interestrus
Diestrus or pseudopregnancy
Anestrus

8. Over view

10. Estrus cycle of cat family

11. Estrus cycle of tiger

12. Estrus cycle of tiger
• Females reach sexual maturity around 3 to 4 years of age
Estrus Cycle
• A female tiger may enter estrus every three to nine
weeks, and her receptivity lasts three to six days.
• Sign
Distinctive smelling urine
Vocalize throughout the day to attract a male
circling each other and vocalizing
Female tigers are induced ovulator

13. Estrus cycle of lion

14. • Male
sexually mature at around 26 months old
some males was delayed until 54 – 60 months
as old as 16 months old can produce viable sperm
• Female
conceived for the first time at 32 – 33 months
can breed until 15-years old
but reproduction usually starts to decline at 11 years

15. • Male fight with small male
• A lion mates up to 100 times per day with an
average interval of 17 minutes, each mating
lasting for 21 seconds
• Males have spines on their penis to cause slight
trauma to the vagina upon withdrawal, the resulting
pain triggers ovulation
• Gestation is between 100 – 120 days
• Cubs weigh 1.65 kg at birth gaining 106g per day in
the first four weeks of life

16. Estrus cycle of leopard

17. Facts
• Gestation 90 to 100 days
• Gestation length ranged from 85 to 121 days
• Sexual maturity of females range from 17 to 28
months of age
• female can go into estrus in cycles that last for about
7 days
• she will give off very strong odors
• She will also make loud calls to males

18. Estrus cycle of cat

19. • sexual maturity first occurs in cats at about 6 months
of age
• Few cats 6 to 9 months
• seasonally polyestrus
• induced ovulators
• Most females require 3-4 matings within a 24 hour
period for ovulation to occur
• 9 weeks (63 days) in the cat

20. signs of estrus
• The most notable signs of estrus in cats are
behavioral
• urinate more frequently
• they persistently rub against people or objects such
as furniture
• roll on the floor
• owners think their cat
has some unusual illness

21. Estrus Cycle
Proesterus, Estrus, Interestrus, Anestrus
• Proesterus: lasts about 1 to 2 days.
• Estrus: lasts about 4 to 10 days.
The queen will be obviously “different” rubbing up
against any people in her household. She will also
become quite vocal.

22. • Interestrus: lasts one to two weeks,
If a female was not successfully bred during estrus,
she may remain in interestrus for a week or two and
then start a new cycle.
If she was bred, which induced ovulation but she
didn’t conceive, she may have a pseudopregnancy
(false pregnancy), which can last for about two
months
• Anestrus: no heat

26. How induce ovulation occurs?

27. How induce ovulation occurs
• Ovulation is triggered by copulation or mechanical
stimulation of the vagina.
• Stimulation of nerves in the vagina causes a reflex
stimulation of the hypothalamus via pathways in the
spinal cord.
• The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH) which acts on the anterior pituitary,
resulting, in turn, in a release of luteinizing hormone
(LH).
• LH, then, stimulates ovulation and the development of
corpora lutea.
• Ovulation occurs 24 to 60 hours post coitus

28. A silent message for all

30. Reference• https://seaworld.org/en/animal-info/animal-
infobooks/tiger/reproduction
• http://lionalert.org/page/reproduction-and-
offspring
• https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-
pet/estrus-cycles-in-cats
• https://www.petwave.com/Cats/Basics/Bree
ding/Heat.aspx
• http://therio.vetmed.lsu.edu/filne_e.htm