This presentation on mineral and vitamin nutrition (in sheep and goats) was part of a six part webinar series. It was presented by Dr. Dan Morrical from Iowa State University.
This is a general presentation on small ruminant nutrition. It uses graphs to illustrate the nutrient requirements of different types of sheep and goats.
This presentation on mineral and vitamin nutrition (in sheep and goats) was part of a six part webinar series. It was presented by Dr. Dan Morrical from Iowa State University.
This is a general presentation on small ruminant nutrition. It uses graphs to illustrate the nutrient requirements of different types of sheep and goats.
This PowerPoint presentation on nutritional disorders (in sheep and goats) is from a six part webinar series (on feeding and nutrition) that was held in Jan-Feb. 2012. The presentation was developed by Susan Schoenian, Sheep & Goat Specialist from University of Maryland Extension.
This PowerPoint presentation on "Nutrients" is from a six part webinar series (on sheep and goat feeding and nutrition) that was held in Jan-Feb. 2012. The presentation was developed by Susan Schoenian, Sheep & Goat Specialist from University of Maryland Extension.
This presentation covers five topics: hoof health, feed costs, birthing percentage, orphan lambs/kids, and parasite control. It was given to the New River Valley Sheep & Goat Club on 2/20/16.
This PowerPoint presentation on nutritional disorders (in sheep and goats) is from a six part webinar series (on feeding and nutrition) that was held in Jan-Feb. 2012. The presentation was developed by Susan Schoenian, Sheep & Goat Specialist from University of Maryland Extension.
This PowerPoint presentation on "Nutrients" is from a six part webinar series (on sheep and goat feeding and nutrition) that was held in Jan-Feb. 2012. The presentation was developed by Susan Schoenian, Sheep & Goat Specialist from University of Maryland Extension.
This presentation covers five topics: hoof health, feed costs, birthing percentage, orphan lambs/kids, and parasite control. It was given to the New River Valley Sheep & Goat Club on 2/20/16.
advantages, anatomy, physiology of lactation, composition of breast milk, techniques of Breastfeeding, contraindications, alternatives to breastfeeding, myths about breastfeeding, problems in breastfeeding and managements, public health concerns of Breastfeeding
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
2. Disclaimer
We aren’t here to replace your lectures, more
just share our experiences of things we have
picked up from our own lambing experience.
This is not complete but merely a brief overview
of things which may help you when you go
lambing
We’re also not here to scare/overwhelm you.
Lambing is a great experience to go and do and
it will help you a lot for husbandry etc.
3. Plan
• Attitude, appearance, the
basics and what to expect
• The normal lambing routine
• The problem lambings
• Ewe care and other odds and
ends
• Questions
4. The Basics
Attitude
• First impressions last
• Tough time of year for farmer
• ALWAYS respect your farmers
knowledge
• Appear enthusiastic even if you’re not
• Work hard! (and you might get well
paid!)
5. The Basics
What to take with you
• Wellies
• Waterproofs
• Warm clothes/boilersuit
6. The Basics
Your farm placement
• Breed of sheep
• Pedigree or commercial?
• How much is farmer expecting you to do?
• How many other students are there?
• Dayshift/Nightshift?
7. The Basics
The Farmer
• Will want you to be interested in him and his
farm
• Most will want to help teach you things
• Always listen to your farmer, nearly all will have a
lot more experience than you do
• Don’t tell him your confident to be left alone if
your not, he would much rather spend time to
help you than end up with dead lambs.
• He will usually help you if you ask
8. The Basics
Lambing as a job
• One of my favourite times of
year
• Hard work and long hours
• Stressful
• Great experience for animal
care and farm understanding
• Usually you will be well fed!
• May get paid if you’re good.
9. Daily Routine
• First check sheep
– Lamb anything needing
assistance
– Pen ewes and lambs and
check those in pens
– Iodine and Spectam
• Feeding, Watering and
Bedding
• Tea, biscuits and feeding
lambs
• Hypothermia
KEEP CHECKING!
10. Daily Routine
• Turning outside
– Nursery/straight outside?
– Are they ready?
– Turned in eyelids
– Tag with spray paint
– Tail docking
• Length is important
– Castration
• Check again
• LUNCHTIME!!
• Nightshift
13. WHEN TO INTERVENE?
• Distressed
• Only head showing
• When presenting with only: - one leg
- tail
• The water-bag has been passed and she’s not
making progress in 30 minutes
15. • REMEMBER:
CUP THE HOOF AT ANY POINT
WHEN BRINGING LEGS
FORWARD
Protects the uterus from
damage/perforation
16. BACKWARDS
•Never try to rotate the
lamb
•Straightforward assisted
lambing
•Get lamb out quickly
17. ONE LEG BACK
•Trace the leg down from
the neck, over the shoulder
to locate the hoof
•‘Cup’ the hoof and bring
forwards
•Push head back to increase
space
18. BOTH LEGS BACK
•Similar to one leg back
•Repel the head every
time
•Fix the more difficult leg
first - space
19. HEAD BACK
•Both feet presented,
lateral deviation of head
•Lambing ropes
•Use legs to push the
body back into the
uterus
•Head rope – behind
ears, around poll
•Straighten head
•Bring head and legs out
together
20. BREECH
•True = backwards lamb
with no legs presented, just
a tail at the pelvic inlet
•Extend hips, flexing all
distal joints
•Straighten both hind legs
(‘cupping’ hoof) – helps to
push the lamb forwards
first
•LUBE!
•Deliver as for backwards -
quickly
21. FOUR FRONT LEGS
•Identify which legs are
paired – push all back in
•Choose foremost leg,
trace back to
shoulder/head
•Find other leg by tracing
from the head
•2 legs and correct head
should be identified
•Deliver
22. TWINS FRONT BACK
•Deliver the lamb coming
forwards first
•Allows widening of the
passage
•Easier delivery of 2nd
lamb
•Work from the head and
locate both legs to
prevent
23. HUNG LAMBS
•Swollen head (tongue)
•Even if appears cold and dead it
can survive!
•Gentle repulsion of the head into
the vagina
•LUBE- LOTS OF IT!
•If possible locate a leg alongside
the head, bring the one leg
forward and deliver
•DON’T PUSH THE HEAD RIGHT
BACK INTO THE UTERINE BODY-
Risk suffocation or not being able
to retrieve legs/head again
24. TIPS!
• ALWAYS check for another lamb
• Don’t be afraid to ask the farmer
– most will be more than willing
to help. Make sure you have his
mobile number!
• Lots of lube!
• Know your joints!
• Repel
• Use ropes
• Traction
• Reposition ewe
• Cord attached, pull away
25. WHEN TO CALL THE VET
• Ringwomb – tight ring,
no lamb (cervix not
dilated)
• Dead and deformed
lambs
• Foetal oversize
• No progression
29. Don’t forget the ewes!
Nutrition is pivotal in keeping disease in sheep at bay
Ewes have a particularly high metabolic load in late pregnancy due to lamb growth
Pregnancy
Toxaemia
32. Pre lambing metabolic profile
• 2-4 weeks pre-lambing
• 5 ewes per group
• 10-15 if unscanned
• BCS
• Assessment of feeding ration
• ALB, UREA, BHB
• Visit fee + b/s + metabolic profile + interpretation
33. Late pregnancy
• In the last eight weeks of pregnancy, 70 per cent of foetal
growth takes place.
• Udder development and colostrum production
• It is vital to manage ewes well at this stage as low lamb
birth-weight and low colostrum intake are major causes of
lamb deaths in the first few days of life.
• During late pregnancy, a ewe’s energy and protein
requirements are increasing rapidly – more than doubling if
they are carrying two lambs.
• However, as the lambs grow, the ewe’s ability to eat bulk
reduces . Therefore, the nutrient density of the ration must
be increased gradually to allow ewes to consume enough to
keep pace with foetal growth.
34. Pregnancy toxaemia (twin lamb
disease, ovine ketosis)
• Clinical signs of pregnancy toxaemia (listed as the
disease progresses)
• Does not come to feed trough
• Isolated,
• Dull and depressed
• Blind
• “Star gazing”
• Head pressing
• Fine muscle tremors of the head
• Weakness and recumbency
• Death
Progression of disease relatively slow (2-16 days)
35. Treatment?
• Response to treatment is generally poor
• Pen sick ewe separately - offer palatable feeds to
promote appetite, and fresh water
• Drench with propylene glycol
• Intravenous glucose injection
• Glucocorticoid injection – to promote
gluconeogenesis
• Ewes with pregnancy toxaemia must be checked
at least twice daily for signs of abortion/lambing
because they may be too weak to expel the
foetuses/lambs.
• Failure to expel dead foetuses leads to them
becoming rotten, releasing poisons into the
ewe's system which leads to her death.
36. Pregnancy toxaemia-Ewes At
risk
• Late pregnancy
• Twins/triplets
• Older ewes
• Fat ewes/thin ewes
• Often a group problem
• Concurrent disease
37. Hypocalcaemia
Demand exceeds supply
Clinical signs:
•Depressed, weak unable to stand
•Rumenal stasis and bloat
•Reflux of ruminal contents with
green fluid around nostrils and
lower jaw
•Coma and death within 48-72 hrs
38. Treatment
• Slow IV administration of 20-40 mls of a 40%
calcium borogluconate solution given over 30
to 60 seconds. Eructation (Burping) is
observed 1-2 minutes after intravenous
calcium administration.
• Ewes will stand within 5 minutes of
intravenous injection, urinate and wander off
to rejoin the rest of the flock.
• The response to subcutaneous
administration of 60-80 mls of 40% calcium
borogluconate solution injected over the
thoracic wall behind the shoulder may take
up to four hours especially if the solution had
not been warmed to body temperature and
injected at one site.
43. Vaginal prolapses
– Common – may affect 1-2% ewes
in flock
– Last 4 weeks of pregnancy
– Extent of prolapse varies
– Urethral obstruction – urinary
retention and uraemia
– If uncorrected – infection and
necrosis; death
– Ewes often isolated from flock,
straining
Enzo: freshly dead lambs, ewe ok
Toxo: fresh/mummy lambs, white spot placenta, ewe ok
Campy: nothing specific, ewe ok
Salmonella: nothing specific, ewe may be ill
Listeria: may see nervous signs in ewe
Those ewes which do recover from pregnancy toxaemia are rarely able to nurse a single lamb and should generally be culled once they have regained body condition
↑ Demand-foetal bone (no relationship with foetal number)
↓ Availability
Peak 1-3wk pre partum
Decreased food intake (+oxalates)
Frequently associated with stress (eg snow)
Can present as a group problem
At certain times of the year (particularly April-May) pasture may contain insufficient magnesium to meet the requirements of the grazing animal and so a simple deficiency state may result. However, sheep developing hypomagnesaemia often graze pasture with a magnesium content as high as or higher than that of pasture grazed by sheep which do not develop the disease.
The demands of lactation in combination with low pasture levels of magnesium may result in a reduction in the serum magnesium levels.
Grass, especially when it is growing rapidly, may contain some factor which interferes with magnesium uptake from the gut. As in cattle, the onset of the clinical disease is often associated with a sudden cold, wet spell.
Prevention: Mg supplementation
rumen bolus
in concentrates
Mg licks (variable intake)
top dressing pastures with calcined magnesite
Drinking water
Do not use potash fertilisers in spring
Predisposing causes?
Certain breeds e.g. Mule (large pelvic inlet)
Multiple foetuses
Older ewes
Bulky feed
Excessive body condition
Lack of exercise
Steep sloping fields
Short docking (illegal anyway)
Should mark and cull affected ewes
Post-parturient vaginal prolapse
Occasionally occurs up to 4 weeks after lambing
Often follow preparturient prolapse or dystocia/trauma
Management – as for preparturient prolapse-but you can use steroid
Juices (gross I know)
-give mum foster lamb first
-WAIT
-sheep are very clever.
