engineering

2. INDEX
INTRODUCTION
BLOCK DIAGRAM & DISCRIPTION
WORKING PRINCIPLE
 PLC INTRODUCTION
SENSOR
 ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION

3. Introduction
Today most of the cleaning of automobiles,trains and buses are done
manually.this does increase the employment but a lot of time is wasted
when the number is high.people have to wait in queue’s for their
turns.idustrially this is time cosuming.

4. CONTROL
PANEL PLATFORM
MOVING
MOTOR M0
CAR IN
CLEAN
WATER
STATIO
N
CLEAN
WATER
STATIO
N
SOAP
WATER
STATION
DRYING
STATION
PUMP
MOTOR
M1
PUMP
MOTOR
M2
PUMP
MOTOR
M3
SENSOR 1
SENSOR 2
SENSOR 3
SENSOR 4
CAR
MOVING
PLATFORM
DELAY
15 SEC

5. After delay
platform
moves the
vehicle to
next
station

6. Ciruit diagram
Input
PLC
Output
Power
supply
Inductive
Proximity
Sensor 1
Inductive
Proximity
Sensor 2
Inductive
Proximity
Sensor 3
Inductive
Proximity
Sensor 4
Power
supply
Moving
platform
Pump 1
pump2
Pump 3
Drying
fan

7. PLC INTRODUCTION
Power Supply
Digital Input
Analog input
Status LED
Buttons
LCD Display
Interface Socket for
Memory card
Output Power supply
Digital Out put

8. Why PLC ?Why PLC ?
 Number of logical inputs and outputsNumber of logical inputs and outputs
 MemoryMemory
 Number of special I/O modulesNumber of special I/O modules
 Space EfficientSpace Efficient
 Expansion CapabilitiesExpansion Capabilities
 Scan TimeScan Time
 CommunicationCommunication
 SoftwareSoftware
 FlexibilityFlexibility
 Understandable ProgramUnderstandable Program

9. PLC workingPLC working
 A PLC works by continuouslyA PLC works by continuously
executing PLC cycle.executing PLC cycle.
 In one PLC cycle, PLC CPU readIn one PLC cycle, PLC CPU read
inputs, execute the controlinputs, execute the control
program, update outputs.program, update outputs.
 PLC cycle Time is normally inPLC cycle Time is normally in
milliseconds.milliseconds.
Self
Check
Execute
Program
Scan
Inputs
Update
Outputs
PLC Program
SCAN

10. PLC componentsPLC components
 CPUCPU
 MEMORYMEMORY
 INPUTINPUT
 OUTPUTSOUTPUTS
 PORTSPORTS
 POWERPOWER
 PROGRAMINGPROGRAMING

11. CPUCPU
 The central processing unit (CPU) is the part of a programmableThe central processing unit (CPU) is the part of a programmable
controller that retrieves, decodes, store, and process informationcontroller that retrieves, decodes, store, and process information
 It also executes the control program stored in the PLC’s memory.It also executes the control program stored in the PLC’s memory.
 The CPU is the brain of PLCThe CPU is the brain of PLC
 The CPU consists of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU),The CPU consists of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU),
timing/control circuitry, accumulator, scratch pad memory,timing/control circuitry, accumulator, scratch pad memory,
program counter, address stack and instruction register.program counter, address stack and instruction register.
 A PLC works by continually scanning a programA PLC works by continually scanning a program
*PLC CPU contains:*PLC CPU contains:
1.1. MemoryMemory
2.2. MicroprocessorMicroprocessor
3.3. PLC operating systemPLC operating system
4.4. PLC Program / LogicPLC Program / Logic
5.5. Network ConnectionNetwork Connection

12. Memory cont’dMemory cont’d
Some types of memory used in a PLC include:Some types of memory used in a PLC include:
 ROM (Read-Only Memory)ROM (Read-Only Memory)
 RAM (Random Access Memory)RAM (Random Access Memory)
 PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory)PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory)
 EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
 EEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-OnlyEEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only
Memory)Memory)
 FLASH MemoryFLASH Memory
 Compact Flash – Can store complete programCompact Flash – Can store complete program
information, read & write text filesinformation, read & write text files

13. PLCPLC
Input and outputInput and output
Input and output system is the section ofInput and output system is the section of
PLC to which all of the field devices arePLC to which all of the field devices are
Connected.Connected.
Inputs are devices that provide a signal/dInputs are devices that provide a signal/data to PLC.ata to PLC.
**Types of PLC InputsTypes of PLC Inputs *Types of PLC Output*Types of PLC Output
 Digital InputsDigital Inputs Digital OutputDigital Output
 Analog InputsAnalog Inputs Analog OutputAnalog Output
 Timer/Counter InputTimer/Counter Input PWM OutputPWM Output
 Thermocouples InputThermocouples Input

14. Inputs ModulesInputs Modules
 Inputs come from sensors that translate physical or chemicalInputs come from sensors that translate physical or chemical
phenomena into electrical signals.phenomena into electrical signals.
 The simplest form of inputs are digital/discrete in AC/DC.The simplest form of inputs are digital/discrete in AC/DC.
 In smaller PLCs the inputs are normally built in and are specifiedIn smaller PLCs the inputs are normally built in and are specified
when purchasing the PLC.when purchasing the PLC.
 For larger PLCs the inputs are purchased as modules, or cards,For larger PLCs the inputs are purchased as modules, or cards,
with 8,16, 32, 64, 96 inputs of the same type on each card.with 8,16, 32, 64, 96 inputs of the same type on each card.

15. Outputs ModulesOutputs Modules
 Output modules rarely supply any power, but instead act asOutput modules rarely supply any power, but instead act as
switches.switches.
 External power supplies are connected to the output card andExternal power supplies are connected to the output card and
the card will switch the power on or off for each output.the card will switch the power on or off for each output.
 A common choice when purchasing output cards isA common choice when purchasing output cards is relays,relays,
transistors or triacstransistors or triacs..
 Relay are the most flexible output devices. They are capable ofRelay are the most flexible output devices. They are capable of
switching both AC and DC outputs. But, they are slower, costswitching both AC and DC outputs. But, they are slower, cost
more, and they will wear out after millions of cycles.more, and they will wear out after millions of cycles.

16.  Advantages of plc :Advantages of plc :
 Variety of I/O interfacesVariety of I/O interfaces
 Small sizeSmall size
 Growing with technology, faster scan times, capability etcGrowing with technology, faster scan times, capability etc
 Quick I/O disconnects that aids in field servicingQuick I/O disconnects that aids in field servicing
 Modularity in hardware architectureModularity in hardware architecture
 Modularity in software design (programmer dependant)Modularity in software design (programmer dependant)
 Software Timers/Counter, RelaysSoftware Timers/Counter, Relays
 Clean failure modeClean failure mode
 On-line programmingOn-line programming
 Self inspecting for operation code during executionSelf inspecting for operation code during execution
 Availability of programmers/trouble shooters/integratorsAvailability of programmers/trouble shooters/integrators
 Availability of replacement partsAvailability of replacement parts
 Improves quality & accuracyImproves quality & accuracy
 Increase in productivityIncrease in productivity

17. Sensors
Acoustic Proximity
Inductive ProximityCapacitive Proximity
InfraRed Proximity
Proximity Sensors:

18. Inductive Proximity Sensor
Ruggedness, reliability and application flexibility.
No-touch object detection.
Generates an electromagnetic field to sense metal objects.
This is usually the easiest sensing technology .
Determines the functional distance between a target and the sensor’s
surface.

19. ADVANTAGES
 No manpower required.
 If we use special car washing pressure pumps no compressor will
required.
 Can be use in domestic service stations.
 Very less maintenance.
 Comparatively cost of system is less.
 No. more space required.
 No. environmental pollution.

20. APPLICATIONS
In car manufacturing companies. - After assembly of car.
Car body building industry.
Car replacing and maintaining stations.
In service stations.

21. FUTURE SCOPE
Now the existing system works on electrical mechanism, which results
in major electric power loss. This loss can be minimized using the hydraulic
cylinders and hydraulic jack lifting system operated automatically.
Also we can implement a counter which will be allowing the number of
cars washed to be counted.
 Instead of AC motors AC drive systems can be used for purpose
moving .The horizontal as well as up down moving pallet.

22. After woking on this project auto car washer and
dryer ,we can came to conclusion than such
automation system are quite beneficial ,and saving
time of operation and also man power reduced
,improving the economy of the system the future such
type of system will have more demanded.
CONCLUSION

23. RefrenceRefrence
 BOOK:BOOK:
 Process Control by C.D. Johnson, Tatamegra hill publicationProcess Control by C.D. Johnson, Tatamegra hill publication
 Machine design – by R.S. Khurmi.,Techmax publication.2006 rev edtionMachine design – by R.S. Khurmi.,Techmax publication.2006 rev edtion
 Intorduction to PLC By Garry Dunning. Pearson publicationIntorduction to PLC By Garry Dunning. Pearson publication
 PLC and SCADA By B.G. Liptak. ,Flood publication 4PLC and SCADA By B.G. Liptak. ,Flood publication 4thth
editionedition

 WEBSITES:WEBSITES:
 www.wikipedeia.comwww.wikipedeia.com/allaboutplc/allaboutplc
 www.micrologixwww.micrologix .com/1000/AB.com.com/1000/AB.com
 www.mrplc.comwww.mrplc.com/plccecohtml.com/plccecohtml.com
 www.alldatasheets.comwww.alldatasheets.com /ceco12krd/ceco12krd

24. Thank you!..........