This document describes a hybrid electric vehicle project that uses solar panels to charge the vehicle's batteries and extend its driving range. Some key points: - The vehicle has a 48V battery that powers a DC motor and is normally charged via electricity but can now also be charged by solar panels mounted on the roof. - Maximum Power Point Trackers are used to optimize the power output from the solar panels to match the battery and motor voltages. - Testing will compare the vehicle's driving range when using just its batteries versus using solar charging to replenish the batteries while driving. - The students estimate it may take up to 3 weeks to complete the project and recommend improvements like a higher capacity motor or cooling

1. HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
Solar Electric Vehicle
Done by
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2. Conventional cars

3. Internal combustion engines
• It has fuel tank which supplies
gasoline to fuel engine.
• Engine turns a transmission
which turns to
wheels

4. Internal combustion Engines
1.consume Resources 2. Heavy reliance on imports
Production shortages
Petroleum is expensive
3. Creates smog & Ozone in Big cities4. Emits pollution in the Air

5. Why electric cars?

7. • Electric cars are FUN!
• CLEAN AIR – zero emissions
• Electricity is readily available
• Electricity costs are stable and much lower
than gasoline
• Oil independence (national security)
• Save gas = save money
• Low maintenance
Fun, Fast, Clean & Efficient
Why Electric Cars?

8. How Electric Cars?
ElectricVehicle Energy Lingo
WHATYOU NEED TO KNOW
• kWh is “how much” energy, similar to liters of gas.
• Kilo Meters per kWh, similar to Kilo Meters per liter.
• kW is “how fast”, similar to liter per minute.
kWh =
how much energy
is used or stored
kW =
how fast energy is
transferred

9. Anywhere
Where to find electricity for Electric Cars?

10. Disadvantages

11. Types of EV
1. Battery Electric Vehicles
fully-electric vehicles with rechargeable batteries and no gasoline engine.
2. Hybrid Electric Vehicle
combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an
electric propulsion system

13. 3. Solar Power Car
Solar power cars are electric cars which are
powered by sun’s energy

14. How Does Solar Power Car
Works

15. Evolution of Solar Power cars
1990
1993
2001
2009
World Solar Challenge
Tübitak Formula-G

16. 2015 …….

17. Project aim
• Aim of the project:
1. Using solar energy to enhance the efficiency of
the car so that we can drive it for a longer time.
2. Sustainable movement by supplying battery with
electric energy while moving through PV

18. ELECTRONIC & ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
A solar car composes of the following
• PV solar panels
• Maximum Power Point Trackers (MPPT)
• Battery and Battery Management Systems
• Motor and Electronic Motor Controller

20. TheInternalProcess
48V
battery
• Solar array voltage (i.e. voltage produced by the solar
array) must be equal to system voltage of the motor for
optimal working of motor. Generally, it is difficult to match
these voltages accurately due to random errors
• MPPTs allow the system to run as efficiently as possible by
sampling the output of the cells and apply the proper
resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given
environmental conditions.
Direct Current Motors.
to provide the power for propulsion
converts electric energy to
mechanical energy (motion) to drive
the electric vehicle.

21. BATTERIES
The batteries store energy from the solar array and make them available for the motor’s
use. Batteries that are commonly used in solar cars are Lead-acid batteries, Li-ion batteries,
Ni-MH batteries, Ni-Cd batteries, Flooded-cell batteries and Gel-cell batteries.
Lead Acid Ni-Cd Battery Li-Ion Battery NiMH battery
•4 * 12 Volt @ 12Ah
•Series Connection
•Lead acid deep cycle
batteries
• Rechargeable
• Charging time 6-8 hours

22. Motor & Controller
• Efficiency of brushless DC motors is 95-98%.
• DC motors are cheaper than AC motors.
• Controller is an electronic device that controls the
amount of power delivered to electric motor
according to the signal from the potentiometer
connected to throttle pedal.

23. PV specification :
• Supplies the baseline power required to the vehicle, recharges the
batteries
Series
we will get 4 PVs each one has the following specification :
Volt Watt
16 10
4 x 16 = 64 Volt 4 x 10 = 40 Watt

24. Vehicle Casing
• A Metal roof was designed to carry the PV panels to be in
a fixed horizontal level in order to absorb sun rays during
the whole day

25. Length 1,150mm
Width 1,100mm
Height 1,600mm
Chassis weight 61 kg
Battery Weight 19 kg
Loading Capacity 1driver
Estimated Range 2 km
Climbing Ability (with loading
150KG)
20 degree
Rating Output 1.0 kW
Battery Lead Acid
Battery Specs 48V12Ah
Brake Disk
Charging Time (0-100%) Recovered by 7 hours
(more)
Tire Size 3.25-6.25
General Specs

26. procedures
1. we have charged the battery of the car till it become full ,
then we have estimated the distance which the car can be
used using those batteries.
2. we will make iron grid so we can put the PVs on it
3. we will fix it to the car using welding method
4. We will try to completely evacuate the batteries from
electricity.
5. we will leave the car in the sun so the batteries become
full through using the new charging source " the sun "
6. we will drive the car again so we can get the new distance
which the car can go with the solar panels
7. and then we will compare how the car will be affected
through using the solar energy instead of electric energy

27. Expected finishing date :
• we recommend to use high capacity motor
next time as the motor become much more
hot every short time and this forced us to
wait more than one time to cool it
OR
• we can make cooling system for the motor
Recommendations :
Maximum 3 weeks from this presentation day

28. One day,solar car will be
irreplaceable