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Sensors In Automobiles
The document details various automotive sensors and systems, including oil sensors, fuel gauges, tachometers, and alarm systems, highlighting their functions and mechanisms. It discusses advanced technologies like collision detection and self-driving features, emphasizing safety innovations in vehicles. Additionally, it explores the complexity of sensor interactions and the evolution of automotive technologies aimed at improving vehicle safety and performance.
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Sensors In Automobiles
- 2. Oil sensor Watercoolant temperature Oxygen sensor Fuel level Accelerometer Seat belt tension Passenger Occupancy Wheel speed Speedometer Tire pressure monitor Radar sensor Rain sensor Anti thief sensors Parking sensor Indoor/outdoor temperature sensors GPS Tachometer Odometer
- 4. Oxygen sensor Oil sensors Fuel gauge Dip - stick
- 5. Miniature voltagegenerator Compare the exhaust O2 level and outside air O2 level
- 7. On-board oilsensors and oil analyzers installed Oil pressure: Hydrostatic force per unit area Age of the oil in the engine: dielectric constant of the oil. Parallel plate capacitor separated by oil. An oil dielectric tester correlates to the acidity of the oil and indicates the level of oil degradation
- 8. Inaccurate dueto its mechanism, shape of fuel tank Gauge: resistance ↑, current ↓, bimetallic cools, straighten out, pull needle form full to empty. Newer car: resistor output into a microprocessor – compensate shape of tank Damping needle movment up hill , down hill , Float turn
- 10. They areproximity sensors. These system feature ultrasonic proximity detectors. An Audi A4 B7 Avant 2.0 TDI Parksensor
- 13. Left figureshows a tachometer that can show up to 7000 RPM
- 14. Speed Wheel speed Engine ignition timing Tahometer Odometer
- 16. Transmission anddriveshaft rotate → mandrel too → permanent magnet rotate → rotating magnetic field → force act on speed cup → electrical curretn flows (Eddy current) → drag torque → needle rotate same direction as magnetic field • Transmission output rotate with a toothed metal disk at the end • Stationary detector covers a magnetic coil • Teeth move past the coil “interrupt” the magnetic field → series of pulses sent to computer
- 17. Distance indicator. LCD Digital Odometer Blue Display from 2000 Jeep Grand Cherokee Laredo.
- 18. An another (specificallyneon) Odometer.
- 19. For ABSone need to know the speed of each wheel
- 21. Modern accelerometers based on simplest MEMS design Mass-damper-spring Air bag deployment system – rapid negative acceleration Electronic stability control Si tether
- 22. Two capacitator configuration Measure difference between two capacitance
- 23. RF communication withon board computer
- 24. Simplest form, itis nothing but one or more sensors connected to some sort of siren Most modern car alarm systems: An array of sensors that can include switches, pressure sensors and motion detectors A siren, often able to create a variety of sounds so that you can pick a distinct sound for your car A radio receiver to allow wireless control from a key fob An auxiliar y batter y so that the alarm can operate even if the main battery gets disconnected A computer control unit that monitors everything and sounds the alarm -- the "brain" of the system
- 26. In aclosed-circuit system, the electric circuit is closed when the door is shut. This means that as long as the door is closed, electricity can flow from one end of the circuit to the other. But if somebody opens the door, the circuit is opened, and electricity can't flow. This triggers an alarm. In an open-circuit system, opening the door closes the circuit, so electricity begins to flow. In this system, the alarm is triggered when the circuit is completed
- 28. Breaking glasshas its own sound frequency Air pressure brief change as door open, windows break, even if the inside outside pressure is the same
- 29. Detects radar/laser signals Try to disturb the reflected waves Emits jamming signals Warn the driver
- 30. Car radardetector (Japanese)
- 31. Vehicle willbe fitted with sensors that can detect potential collisions and take action Firm claims 'nobody will be killed or injured in a new Volvo by 2020' The headline of dailymail.uk (as on 5th Dec,2012) read “Volvo develops the 'no death' car: Vehicles which drive themselves and are totally crashproof could be on British roads in eight years.”
- 32.
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Editor's Notes
- #18 English: LCD Digital Odometer Blue Display from 2000 Jeep Grand Cherokee Laredo.