This document discusses work study and related concepts. It defines work study as the study of human work to increase efficiency. The key elements of work study are method study and work measurement. Method study aims to develop more effective work methods, while work measurement determines the time required for jobs. Work study techniques like process charts, diagrams, and time studies are described to analyze jobs and set productivity standards. The overall goal of work study is to improve productivity through analyzing work methods and setting efficient performance standards.
GT Definition,Implementing Group Technology (GT),four methods GT, 1.OPTIZ PARTS CLASSIFICATION AND CODING SYSTEM,2.MICLASS coding system ,CODE MDSI System,BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY and limitations.
The society of manufacturing engineers (SME) Defines CIM is integration of the total manufacturing enterprise through the use of integrated systems and data communications coupled with the new managerial philosophies that improve organizational and personal efficiency. CIM combines various technologies like computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) to provide an error-free manufacturing process that reduces manual labor and automates repetitive tasks.
work measurement, the uses of work measurement, the techniques of work measurement, time study, time study form, methods of timing, work sampling, allowances, predetermined motion time and systems (P.M.T.S.),
This was a presentation done team-wise in Manipal as part of our MBA assignments. The subject name was Operations Management and the presentation topics were different types of layouts. Our team got the topic Process Layout.
GT Definition,Implementing Group Technology (GT),four methods GT, 1.OPTIZ PARTS CLASSIFICATION AND CODING SYSTEM,2.MICLASS coding system ,CODE MDSI System,BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY and limitations.
The society of manufacturing engineers (SME) Defines CIM is integration of the total manufacturing enterprise through the use of integrated systems and data communications coupled with the new managerial philosophies that improve organizational and personal efficiency. CIM combines various technologies like computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) to provide an error-free manufacturing process that reduces manual labor and automates repetitive tasks.
work measurement, the uses of work measurement, the techniques of work measurement, time study, time study form, methods of timing, work sampling, allowances, predetermined motion time and systems (P.M.T.S.),
This was a presentation done team-wise in Manipal as part of our MBA assignments. The subject name was Operations Management and the presentation topics were different types of layouts. Our team got the topic Process Layout.
it is a WORD FILE for METHOD STUDY.
college btech students specially MECHANICAL ENGNN. and PROFESSORS can access this file.
it is HELPFUL for an idea about the topic, for EDUCATION purpose and for PRESENTATION PAPER WORK IN SEMINARS etc.
Method Study, Objective of method study, Pre-requisites for method study, Steps/basic procedure in method study, different method recording techniques,
Punjab technical University - scheme and syllabus of Masters in Business Administration (MBA) Batch 2012 onwards, course code MBA 202, production & operation Management. UNIT 2, ch.1 Facility Layout ch. 2 Production Planning & Control(PPC), ch.3 Method Study ch. 4 Capacity Planning
Work Study: Definition, objective and scope of work study. Human factors in work study. Work study and management.
Method Study: Definition, objective and scope of method study, activity recording index aids. Charts to record moments in shop operation – process charts, flow process charts, travel charts and multiple activity charts.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. WORK STUDY
Today’s competitive market industry must be
aware of latest developments for new
technology.
1. By improving the process of manufacture
2. By improving the operation of existing
facilities( Plant and Human)
3. DEFINITION OF WORK
STUDY
Study of human work in all aspects in order to
increase the effectiveness with which work is
done.
Work study aimed to achieving higher
productivity
By finding the most efficient use of available
resource to create output.
4. ELEMENTS OF WORK STUDY
Work study = Method study + Work measurement
Method study = Developing easier and more
effective method.
Work measurement = Time for a qualified worker to
carry out a specific job at different level of
peformance
Work study gives higher productivity.
5. OBJECTIVES OF
WORK STUDY
Most economical way for work
To simplify and standardise the methods,
materials and tools.
Time required for a qualified worker
To plan training program for the worker for
new method.
6. PURPOSE OF WORK STUDY
Raising productivity
Increase productivity without capital
expenditure
It helps to eliminate / reduce waste
Better quality of product at reasonable price
7. Work study procedure (16 mark)
1. Select (job or process selected)
2. Record (record by various techniques)
3. Examine (asking questions who,when)
4. Develop (Economical method)
5. Measure (amount of work involved)
6. Define (new method)
7. Install (new method standard pratice)
8. Maintain (proper control the above pratice)
8. METHOD STUDY
Systematic analysis for the better utilisation of
resources
It is developing better method for doing a
job.
Other wise called as method engineering,
Method analysis, Work improvement
9. Objectives of Method study
To improve process and procedures
To improve design plant and equipment
Improve plant layout
Improve men , material.
Standardise methods
Improve safety methods
10. Basic procedure for method
study (16 Mark)
1. Select (job or process selected)
2. Record (record by various techniques)
3. Examine (asking questions who,when)
4. Develop (Economical method)
5. Define (new method)
6. Install (new method standard pratice)
7. Maintain (proper control the above pratice)
11. 1) SELECTION OF JOB FOR METHOD STUDIES
1) Economic considerations:
Waste of time for long investigation
Operations involved excess man power
By tracking materials
Repetative work
Operations having poor utilisation of resources
2) Techinical consideration:
To ensure adequate technology is available to carry out
the study successfully.
3) Human reactions:
All concern persons accept the method study for
improve.
12. 2) RECORD
After selection the job record the Relevant facts of
existing methods.
RECORDONG METHODS
CHARTS
Outline process chart
Flow process chart
Multiple activity chart wth time scale
Simo chart
CHARTS AND DIAGRAMS
Flow diagram
String diagram
13. 3) EXAMINE
Relevant informations and procedures are recorder
next stem examine that.
CRITICAL QUESTIONS
1. PRIMARY QUESTIONS
2. SECONDARY QUESTIONS
4) DEVELOP
Evaluate successfully the four step formula are
1. Eliminate all un necessary operations
2. Combine two or more operations
3. Sequence of various activities
14. 5) DEFINE NEW METHOD
By analysing the above methods We Define newer
method by agreeing the various workers and
management.
6) INSTALL NEW METHOD
Install new method
Train the workers for the new method
The proposed method was accepted by supervisors, etc.
7) MAINTAIN THE PROPOSED METHOD
Adopting various monitoring techniques
Data collection and interruption
Feed back from evaluated reports
15. RECORDING TECHNIQES
(16 mark)
1. CHARTS
1. METHOD STUDY
2. PROCESS CHARTS
1. OUTLINE PROCESS CHARTS
2. FLOW PROCESS CHARTS
3. TWO HANDED PROCESS CHARTS
2. DIAGRAMS
1. FLOW DIAGRAM
2. STRING DIAGRAM
3. TRAVEL CHART
4. CYCLE GRAPH
17. TRANSPORT (movement of workers, equipments )
DELAY (Temporary storage)
STORAGE (PERMANENT STORAGE)
18. PROCESS CHART
1) OUTLINE PROCESS CHART
It is otherwise called as operation process chart
Overall view of the whole process
INPUT- OPERATION- OUTPUT
19. 2) FLOW PROCESS CHART
It includes graphical representation of ALL
OPERATIONS, INSPECTIONS, DELAYS,
STORAGES etc.,
DEF: Sequence of flow of product or
procedure
TYPES OF FLOW CHART
Flow process chart (Man type)
Flow process chart (Material type)
Flow process chart (Equipment type)
21. TWO HANDED PROCESS
CHART
Other wise called as left and right handed process
chart
Activities of the worker’s hand are recorded
To eliminate the unwanted motion to minimum
ADV:
Balance the motion and reduce fatigue
To eliminate and reduce motions
Train new operations in ideal method
22.
23. CHARTS USING TIME SCALE
1) MULTIPLE ACTIVITY CHART:
It is a chart more than one subject(men, machine, item)
are recorded on a common time scale
USES OF MULTIPLE ACTIVITY CHART:
To analyses ideal time of men and machine.
Determine number of machines handle by an operator
IMPORTANT TYPES OF MULTI ACTIVITY CHART:
1. Man machine activity(1 operator, 1 machine)
2. Multi man activity(many operators, 1 machine)
3. Man-multi machine activity(1 operator, many machine)
4. Multi machine activity chart (group of operators
,central machine)
24. 2) SIMO chart (SIMULTANEOUS MOTION
CYCLE CHART)
Record the activities, of two hands or other parts.
SIMO chart constructed from Data collected motion flim
analysis
THERBLINGS
Therblings are the symbols used to denote various
activities and movements done for different purpose.
26. DIAGRAMS
1) FLOW DIAGRAMS:
Plan drawing in a working area, showing a
location of various activities by symbols.
CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE:
Draw the work area
Mark the positions of tools, benches
Trace the path
Indicate the direction of movement
Different colours for the different type of movement
28. STRING DIAGRAM
It is a scale plan or model THREAD is used to
trace and measure the path of materials ,
machine in define path.
29. CYCLE GRAPH
The techniques are developed by Gilberth.
It is the record of path movement , Usually
traced by continuous source of light on
photograph.
For these small electric bulb is attached to the
hand or finger, the motion can be recorded.
30. CHRONOCYCLE graph is a special form of
cycle graph in which light source is suitable
interrupted so thet path appears peer- dot
shaped.
31. PRINCIPLES OF MOTION
ECONOMY
These principles are developed from improved
methods
These principles are groped in to THREE
headings
1. Use of human body
2. Arrangement of workplace
3. Design of tools and equipment.
32. Principles with the use of HUMAN BODY
Two hands should began and end their movements in same
time.
Two hands should not be ideal at same time
Hand motions should symmetrically opposite direction
Momentum should be help of the worker during work
Countineous curved movements preferred to straight line
motions during sudden changes in direction.
Free swinging movements are faster for controlling
movements
Work should be arranged to eye comfort for easier work
33. PRINCIPLES OF THE ARRANGEMENT
OF WORKPLACE
Fixed station to provide all tools
Pre position of tools to reduce searching
Scrap bins are closer to the working area
Tools should be arranged permit for the best
sequence
Ejectors should provide whenever possible for
disposal purpose.
34. PRINCIPLES OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
Equipments are fixed by using jigs and fixtures.
Two or more tools should be combined whenever
possible
Load should be distributed accordingly for the
type writing purpose
Handles such as large screw drivers are designed
for easy handling purpose
Levers , crossbars , handwheels are places for a
mechanical advantage.
35. MICRO MOTION STUDY
(8mark)
It is a detailed motion study employing either
video taps, or motion pictures operating in a
constant speed.
Picture camera is utilized for study, then the
procedure is known micro motion study
36. MICRO MOTION STUDY
PROCEDURE
1. Filming the operation to be studied
2. Analysing the films
3. Recordings/ presenting the data.
Filming the operation
16mm movie camera
Other equipments like, reflectors, exposure meter
37. 2)ANALYSING THE FILMS
Once the operation over film is viewed through
projector.
1. Film is run at normal speed to get the movement
involved
2. A regular work cycle( process) is selected among
the film
3. Film is run at very slowly for backward purpose.
3) RECORDING / PRESENTING THE DATA
Once the film analysis over
Next to prepare SIOM chart for the micro
motion of limbs
38. PURPOSE OF MICRO MOTION AND ITS
ADVANTAGES
To study the nature and path of movements
To study the activities of the machine and operator
To keep permanent record of most efficient way of
performing task
Carry out research in the field of method and time
study
ADVANTAGES:
It gives very accurate time for operation
Fast, short , repetitive cycles by this process
Easy comparison of present method and proposed
method
39. MEMO MOTION
(8 mark)
It is developed by Marvin Mudrel
It is special type of micro motion,
ACTIVITIES ARE FLIMED AT SLOWER
SPEED 60 or 100 frames per second.
It is best suited for many activities and less
than micro study
For quantity checking purpose in continues
production activity in company.
40. PROCEDURE OF MEMO MOTION STUDY
1. Study of operations to be filmed
2. Obtain the film
3. Analysis the film
4. Construct a suitable chart depending up on the
nature of the film
5. Improve the methods by using the motion
economy
41. PURPOSE OF MEMO MOTION STUDY AND
ADVANTAGES
To study job involving cycles
To study team work and create activities
To study flow of material
Analyses the material handling
For collecting motion time data
ADVANTAGES:
More economical than micro motion study
Consumes less film
Film analyses in smaller time than micro motion stud
42. WORK MEASUREMENT
It is also known as TIME STUDY
Time for a specific job for a worker
USES OF WORK MEASUREMENT:
To determine time standards
Alternate method for doing a job
Eliminate in effective time
Estimate the cost of the product
To determine staff and product requirements
43. TECHNIQUES OF WORK MEASUREMENT
1. Stop watch time study(It deals with time and
rate of working)
2. Work sampling( Large number of
observations from random samples)
3. Pre determined time standards
(PTS)(Basic human motion for increase in
performance)
4. Standard data.( Time for a job in continuous
process )
44. Stop watch time study
It is a measurement technique
Records the time and rates of working for the
elements of a specified job.
TIME STUDY EQUIPMENT
Stop watch
Electronic devices
Motion picture camera
45. STOP WATCH
To measure the elemental timings
It has two hands
i) Small hand (one revolution in 30 min)
Ii) Large hand (One revolution in one minute)
TYPES OF STOPWATCH
Non-fly back
Fly back
46. Non-fly back
First pressure on winding knob Starts the long
hand
Second pressure stops the long hand
Third pressure returns hand to Zero position
Fly back
Start and stop with the help of slide
Pressuring the wind knob brings the hand back to zero.
47. BASIC TIME STUDY
PROCEDURE
SELECT (The job to be studied)
OBTAIN & RECORD (All the details about the job
and operator)
BREAK DOWN (the job into suitable elements)
MEASURE (Time duration for each element and
assess the rating)
EXTEND ( Observed time into normal time)
DETERMINE (The allowances to be made)
COMPUTE (The standard time by adding allowances
to normal time)