A population pyramid graphically displays a population's age and sex composition using horizontal bars to present numbers or proportions of males and females in each age group. The pyramid shape can indicate factors like birth rates, population growth or decline, health, and development levels. General structures include triangles for growing populations, hexagons for stable populations, and cups for declining populations. A pyramid provides information on metrics like median age, sex ratios, dependency ratios, and expected changes based on current age distributions.

1. Population Pyramid
Dr. Farrah Pervaiz
MBBS ,MSPH ,PHD Fellow
Assistant Professor
Dept of Public Health AFPGMI/NUMS

2. Population Pyramid
• A population pyramid graphically displays a population’s
age and sex composition.
• Horizontal bars present the numbers or proportions of
males and females in each age group.
• The sum of all the age sex groups in the population
pyramid equals 100% of the population.
• Pyramid may show single years of age or show data in
age groups.

5. What is a Population Pyramid?
• A type of graph that shows the distribution of various
age groups in a population.
• Different shapes can tell us if:
– A country is facing very high/low birth rates
– A country is suffering from growing/aging
population
– Indicates good/poor health and medical care
– Level of development

7. General Structure
• The left side of each pyramid shows the number of
men in each age group
• The right side shows the number of women
• The longer the line, the more no. of people there are
in that age group

8. General Structure

9. Information from a Population Pyramid
• Median Age
• Sex ratio of various age groups (children, young,
middle aged, old aged)
• Dependency ratio
• Success or failure of population control programme
• Sudden increase or decrease in population in case of
disaster/calamities
• Whether population is old or young

11. Each pyramid tells a story about the
• Past
• Present &
• Future of a country and its people

17. Median Age
• The median age is the age at which exactly half the
population is older and half is younger.
• Median Age of Pakistan
21.6 years

18. Sex Ratio
The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a
given population, usually expressed as the number of
males for every 100 females
• Sex ratio of Pakistan in 2012 - 13 is
• 105 Males/100 females

19. Age Dependency Ratio
• The age-dependency ratio is the ratio of
persons in the “dependent” ages (generally
under age 15 and over age 64) to those in the
“economically productive” ages (15-64 years)
in a population.)
• Age dependency ratio of Pakistan 2014 is 68.3

20. Demographic Transition Egeo 312 20
Dependency Ratio Woes
• A rising dependency ratio is also a concern in many
countries that are facing aging populations, since it
becomes difficult for pension and social security
systems to provide to retirees.
© Copyright 2006, From The Wilderness Publications,
www.fromthewilderness.com. All Rights Reserved. This story may NOT be
posted on any Internet web site without express written permission. Contact
admin@copvcia.com. May be circulated, distributed or transmitted for non-
profit purposes only.

21. Life Expectancy
• Or expectation of life at a given age is the number of
years which a person of that age may expect to live
according to the mortality pattern prevalent in the
country
• One of the best indicators of a country’s level of
development and of the overall health status of the
population
• Life expectancy of Pakistan in 2014-15
• Total population: 66.35 years
• Males: 64.52 Years
• Females: 68.38 Years

22. Three Main shapes

23. Triangle Shape

24. Hexagon

26. Cup Shaped

28. Demographic Transition Egeo 312 28
Pakistan’s High
Dependency
Ratio now and in
the future based
on lots of kids
but few elderly.
However note
how the young
population is
expected to
stabilize and
elderly grow.

29. Three General Profiles Of Population Pyramid
• Population of countries can differ markedly as a result of
past and current patterns of fertility, mortality, and
migration. However, they all tend to fall into three
general profiles of age-sex composition.
1. Rapid growth is indicated by a pyramid with a large
percentage of people in the younger ages.
2. Slow growth is reflected by a pyramid with a smaller
proportion of the population in the younger ages.
3. Zero growth or decreasing populations are shown by
roughly equal numbers of people in all age ranges,
tapering off gradually at the older ages.

31. Developing Vs Developed countries

32. In Migration

33. Which generation you are ?

34. Baby Boomers: Baby boomers were born between
1944 and 1964. They're current between 55-75 years
old.
The term "Baby Boom" is used to identify a massive
increase in births following World War II. Baby boomers
are those people born worldwide between 1944 and 1964,
the time frame most commonly used to define them.
Gen X: Gen X was born between 1965 - 1979 and are
currently between 40-54 years

35. • Gen Y: Gen Y, or Millennials, were born between
1980 and 1994. They are currently between 25-39
years old.
• Gen Z: Gen Z is the newest generation to be named
and were born between 1995 and 2015. They are
currently between 4-24 years old

37. THANK YOU