this is the first part of my FACE PRESENTATION.this ppt contains all the required content for a face presentation and mechanism of labour in face presntation and also for diagnosis i uploaded another ppt. the main objective of my ppt is the viewers shouldn't get bored of what we say this is simplified yet professional .. have a look at it and enjoy, thank you.
It is a composite graphical recording of cervical dilatation and descent of head against duration of labour in hours.
It also gives information about fetal and maternal condition that are all recorded on single sheet of paper.
this is the first part of my FACE PRESENTATION.this ppt contains all the required content for a face presentation and mechanism of labour in face presntation and also for diagnosis i uploaded another ppt. the main objective of my ppt is the viewers shouldn't get bored of what we say this is simplified yet professional .. have a look at it and enjoy, thank you.
It is a composite graphical recording of cervical dilatation and descent of head against duration of labour in hours.
It also gives information about fetal and maternal condition that are all recorded on single sheet of paper.
The Atlas of the eye is a B.sc. degree research
It contains three parts:
- Anatomy & Physiology of the eye
- Pathology & errors in the eye
- Photography of the eye
enjoy it!
The 7 minute total body workout is a way to exercise to get maximum results with minimal investment. Just 12 exercises of 30 seconds and a brief 10 seconds period of rest.
Exercises can be done anywhere. You only need a chair and a wall. And of course motivation :)
What is the normal placenta
what is the Placental Abnormalities and
Hemorrhagic Complications during pregnancy
What is APH
How to manage The Hemorrhage
Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) and Ectopic Pregnancysosojammoly
what is the Placental Abnormalities and
Hemorrhagic Complications during pregnancy
What is PPH and what is the management?
what is the ectopic pregnancy?
Bleeding from the genital tract in the late pregnancy, after 20th weeks of gestation and before the onset of labor.
This may place the life of the mother and fetus at risk.
Abortion and other Causes of Early Pregnancy Bleeding.pdfChantal Settley
Describe common causes of bleeding in early pregnancy.
Describe the clinical classifications of abortion, the legal aspects of abortion in Ethiopia, and the safe methods used in health facilities.
Identify the warning signs and the emergency treatment required before referral for early pregnancy bleeding.
Describe the features of woman-friendly comprehensive post-abortion care, including the post-abortion family planning service
Placental abruption is premature separation of placenta from the uterus/ in other words separates before childbirth.
It occurs most commonly around 25 weeks of pregnancy characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and dangerously low blood pressure
How to protect your eye?
With sunglasses? Mirror glasses? Tinted or polarized glasses?
What is right tint colour for you?
What are antireflection coat glasses?
what is the C-Section or Casarean delivery
Why does it done?
what are the risk and complications
how does it done
how to care of the mother after she back home?
What is the breastfeeding
why it is important ?
what's the advantages of it
whats the problems
what's the food should the mother eat or avoid during nursing
what is labor and what is the normal?
what are the signs of labor?
what are the stages of labor?
what are the mechanism of labor?
what are the factors that affect the labor?
what is the Puerperium and Postpartum Period
what's the normal?
what's the abnormal Puerperium?
and what are the most common complications and how to manage it?
I add more Information to the previous Slideshare of (Anemia)
I hope it will be more useful
What is Anemia in Pregnancy
how it affect the pregnancy
What are the types and risk factors
how to manage it
Antenatal care is the clinical examination, observation, and follow up of the mother and fetus during pregnancy, for the purpose of obtaining the best possible health for the mother and child.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Placental Abnormalities and Hemorrhagic Complications
1.
2. Normal Placenta
• The placenta is a new organ formed in the
uterus during pregnancy, and connect the
fetus to the uterus.
• The baby's umbilical cord arises from the
placenta.
• This structure provides oxygen and nutrients
to the growing baby and removes waste
products from baby's blood via umbilical
cord.
3. Normal Placenta
• Is blue-red in color and
discoid in shape.
• Is about 22 cm in diameter
and 2.5 cm thick in the
center.
• Normally; attaches at the
top or side of the uterus.
• The normal umbilical cord
is 51-60 cm long, contains
two arteries and one vein.
4. Placental Abnormalities and Hemorrhagic Complications
• Blood loss during pregnancy is a first
cause of both mother and fetal morbidity
and mortality (Death & defect).
• Up to 1,000 mL/min of maternal blood
flows through the placenta at term.
• Hemorrhage is a MEDICAL EMERGENCY
• All placental problems can detected and
observed by ultrasound.
6. 1. Antepartum Hemorrhage (APH)
• Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) is a bleeding from
the birth canal (Vagina) after the 24th week (some
said after the 20th week) of pregnancy.
• It can occur at any time until the second stage of
labor is complete.
• It called also; the third-trimester bleeding
complicates about 4% of all pregnancies and
considered as medical emergency.
• Bleeding before the week 24 of pregnancy is
miscarriage.
7. APH Common Causes
a. Placental Previa
b. Placental Abruption
c. Uterine Rupture
d. Vasa Previa
e. Reproductive system injuries
f. Neoplasia
Life threatening
8. • The condition in which the placenta partially
or totally covers the cervix (the lower part of
uterus).
• It may cause anemia and death due to
severe blood loss.
• The most common symptom of placenta
previa is painless vaginal bleeding (bright
red blood).
a. Placental Previa
9. Risk factors:
• Previous Caesarean section
• Old mother (>35 years)
• Previous placenta previa
• Diabetes or hypertension
• Cigarette smoking
• Uterine problems and anomalies
• Multiple fetuses
a. Placental Previa
10. Classification:
1. Total: The placenta completely covers the
cervix.
2. Partial: The placenta is partially covers the
cervix.
3. Marginal: The placenta is near the edge of the
cervix.
a. Placental Previa
11.
12.
13. Management:
• Treatment depends on gestational age, severity and type
of the pervia, blood loss, and the health of the mom and
the baby.
• Reducing activities and bed rest.
• Medicines to prevent early labor.
• Blood transfusion for the mother as necessary.
• After 36 weeks, a caesarean section is usually
performed.
• If the bleeding can't be controlled; an emergency C-
section is important even if the baby is premature.
a. Placental Previa
14. • We called also abruptio placentae.
• Placental abruption is the separation of a
placenta from the wall of the uterus before
the delivery.
• This condition can occur any time after the
20th week of pregnancy.
• When the placenta separate from the uterus,
the vessels within the placenta detached and
start to bleed.
b. Placental Abruption
15. b. Placental Abruption
Risk factors:
• Old mother (>35 years)
• Previous placental abruption
• High blood pressure
• Cigarette smoking
• Uterine problems and anomalies
• Multiple fetuses
• Abdominal trauma
16. b. Placental Abruption
Effects & Complications:
• Shock due to blood loss
• The need for a blood transfusion
• A serious blood clotting complication
• Poor blood flow and damage to kidneys or brain of
the mother
• Premature birth
• Fetus heart rates problems
• Fetal death
17. b. Placental Abruption
Symptoms and signs:
• Vaginal bleeding (dark red blood)
• Abdominal pain
• Uterine contractions that doesn't relax.
• Blood in amniotic fluid
• Nausea
• Faint feeling
• Decreased fetal movements
18. b. Placental Abruption
Classification:
• Revealed (Visible – External bleeding):
Causes vaginal bleeding that helps with early
detection.
• Concealed (Internal): The blood gets trapped,
pooling and clotting behind the placenta. It can
only be detected only through an ultrasound.
19.
20. b. Placental Abruption
Management:
• The treatment depends on depends on the
amount of bleeding, the gestational age, and
condition of the fetus.
• Before week 34 the mom should rest.
• After week 34:
− If the fetus is normal, and the bleeding is
mild; vaginal labor is possible
− If not; C-Section is necessary
21. b. Placental Abruption
• There is no treatment to stop placental
abruption or reattach the placenta.
• After the baby is born, bleeding from the site
of the placental attachment is likely.
• If the bleeding can't be controlled,
emergency removal of the uterus
(hysterectomy) might be needed.
22. • A uterine rupture is a tear in the wall of the
uterus.
c. Uterine Rupture
Risk factors:
• Previous C-Section
• Previous uterine surgery
• Abdominal trauma
24. c. Uterine Rupture
Symptoms and signs:
• Excessive vaginal bleeding
• Sharp pain between contractions
• Contractions that slow down and relax
• Unusual abdominal pain or tenderness
• Baby’s head moving back up not down
• Rapid heart rate and abnormally low blood
pressure in the mother
25. c. Uterine Rupture
Management:
• Immediate C-section is necessary in uterine
rupture.
• Followed by repair of the uterus.
• Antibiotics is important to prevent infection.
• If the damage to the woman's uterus is
extensive and the bleeding can't be controlled,
she'll need a hysterectomy.
26. d. Vasa Previa
A condition in which
blood vessels within
the placenta or the
umbilical cord are
trapped between the
fetus and the cervix
causing hemorrhage
and lack of oxygen.
27. d. Vasa Previa
Symptoms:
• Painless vaginal bleeding
Risk factors:
• Previous C-Section
• Low-lying placentas (Inferior placenta)
• Multiple fetuses
Management:
• Steroid treatment to develop fetal lung maturity.
• The C-section should be done early to avoid an emergency
29. 2. Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
• Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is a
blood loss after delivery greater than:
- 500 mL for vaginal delivery, and
- 1,000 mL for cesarean delivery,
- with 10% drop in hematocrit
• PPH is responsible for around 25% of
maternal mortality.
30. PPH Classification
• PPH is classified into:
− Primary (early) occurs within
the first 24 hours after delivery
− Secondary (late) occurs after 24
hours post-birth
31. PPH Common Causes
The causes of PPH have been described as the
"four T"
1. Tone: uterine atony (“70%” failure of the uterus
to contract properly after delivery).
2. Trauma: lacerations of the uterus, cervix, or
vagina, and uterus inversion.
3. Tissue: retained placenta.
4. Thrombin: Coagulation abnormalities.
32. PPH Risk factors
• Antepartum hemorrhage in this pregnancy.
• Multiple fetuses.
• Macrosomia (over 4 kg baby).
• Pre-eclampsia.
• Previous PPH.
• Maternal obesity.
• Uterine abnormalities.
• Maternal age (35 years or older).
• Maternal anemia.
• Operative vaginal delivery.
• Induction of labor.
• Prolonged first and second stage of labor (over 12 hours
labor).
33. PPH Prevention
• Detect any abnormality (anemia, diabetes…) before the
delivery and try to control it.
• Ensure that the bladder of the mother is empty since a full
bladder makes it more difficult for the uterus to contract.
• We should know the mother’s blood type.
• IV access should be maintained.
• Slow IV infusion.
• Oxytocin medication (A drug used to stimulate uterine
contractions and control bleeding).
• Oxytocin should be routinely used in the third stage of labor.
• Massage the mother’s uterus to help it contract.
34. PPH Management
Tone
• Massage
• Drugs (Oxytocin)
Thrombin
• Drugs (according to
the cause)
• Platelet and blood
transfusion
Tissue
• Manual removal of
retained placenta
Trauma
• Manual fixation of
uterus inversion
• Repair the rupture
and laceration
37. PPH Management
• Large-bore intravenous access, and increase
oxytocin.
• A blood clotting medication.
• Transfuse blood.
• Laparotomy: Surgery to open the abdomen to
find the cause of bleeding.
• If the blood does not stop; we need to do
Hysterectomy (This is always a last resort in all
condition).
38. 3. Abortion
• Abortion is the spontaneous or
elective ending of pregnancy
before the fetus is able to survive
on its own in the first 24 weeks of
pregnancy.
• Losing of the fetus after the 24
week called Stillbirth. 38
39. 3. Abortion
• There are two type:
1. Elective abortion (Induced): Ending
of pregnancy at the request of the
mother. it may done medically or
surgically.
2. Spontaneous abortion (Miscarriage):
Is the end of the pregnancy on its
own. 39
40. Miscarriage
• A miscarriage refers to naturally
death of the embryo/fetus, not to
medical abortions or surgical
abortions.
• 80% of miscarriage happen in the
first 12 weeks (1st trimester).
• 20% happen in the second 12 weeks
(13th – 24th week). 40
41. Miscarriage Symptoms
• Low back pain.
• Abdominal pain and cramps.
• Tissue or clot-like material that
passes from the vagina.
• Vaginal bleeding.
• Fever.
41
42. Miscarriage Causes
• The major cause is baby’s chromosomes abnormality, that
prevent the baby from developing well.
Other cause:
• Infection such as HIV
• Exposure to radiation or other toxins
• Uterine abnormalities
• Smoking, drinking alcohol, and drugs
• Disorders of the immune system
• Kidney, heart, and thyroid disease
• Diabetes that is not controlled
• Severe malnutrition
• Trauma to the uterus
• Old mother 42
43. Miscarriage Types
1. Threatened abortion:
• Miscarriage has started but
recovery is possible.
• Or woman with miscarriage
signs but loss of the pregnancy
has not yet occurred.
• Management:
− Rest
− Good nutrition (folic acid
should be taken)
− Fetus and uterus monitoring 43
44. Miscarriage Types
2. Complete abortion:
• This is the most common
type of miscarriage, when
all of the contents of the
uterus leave the body.
• Management:
− Control bleeding
− Ultrasound to observe the
uterus
44
45. Miscarriage Types
3. Incomplete abortion:
• Only some of the products of
uterus leave the body.
• Treatment:
− Dilatation and Curettage (D&C): is
a procedure to remove tissue
from inside the uterus, by
opening (dilate) the cervix and
using a surgical instrument called
a curette to remove any
remaining pregnancy tissue.
− Antibiotics
− Complete uterine evacuation 45
47. Miscarriage Types
4. Missed abortion:
• The pregnancy is ended
without any symptoms and the
products of uterus do not
leave the body. In this type the
death will be discovered at a
routine scan.
• Treatment:
− Oxytocin
− Antibiotics
− Complete uterine evacuation
− D&C 47
48. Miscarriage Types
5. Septic infected abortion:
• The lining of the uterus and any remaining
products of pregnancy become infected after
miscarriage.
• Treatment:
− Hospitalization IV antibiotics
− Complete uterine evacuation
− D&C
48
49. General Management
• Medical management depends on
type and signs and symptoms.
• The main goal of treatment during or
after a miscarriage is to prevent
hemorrhage and/or infection.
• We should support the mother
psychologically. 49
53. 4. Ectopic Pregnancy
• An ectopic pregnancy is the implanting
of the zygote somewhere other than the
inner endometrial lining of the uterus
(pregnancy that occurs outside the
uterus).
• It occurs in 1%-2% of all pregnancies.
• It is life-threatening to the mother.
53
54. 4. Ectopic Pregnancy
• The vast majority of ectopic
pregnancies occur in the fallopian
tube “tubal pregnancy’’ (95%), but the
fertilized ovum can also implant in
the ovary, cervix, or abdominal cavity
(5%).
• Doctors usually discover it between
week 5 and week 14 of pregnancy . 54
57. Ectopic Pregnancy symptoms
• Abnormal vaginal bleeding.
• Abdominal pain, typically just in one side, which
can range from mild to severe.
• An absent of menstruation (amenorrhea), and
other symptoms of pregnancy.
• Shoulder pain (unknown why).
• If the fallopian tube ruptures, the pain and
bleeding could be severe enough to cause
fainting.
57
58. Ectopic Pregnancy Causes
• The most common cause is damaged fallopian tube.
• Zygote abnormality.
• Previous ectopic pregnancy.
• Sexual diseases (typically chlamydia).
• Reproductive organs infections and inflammations.
• Smoking.
• Endometriosis (abnormal uterus lining).
• Using fertility drugs.
• Getting pregnant while having an intrauterine device
(IUD).
58
60. Ectopic Pregnancy Complications
• The major health risk of ectopic
pregnancy is rupture leading to
internal bleeding.
• Decreased fertility related to removal
of fallopian tube.
60
61. Ectopic Pregnancy Management
• In early stage; a medication used to stop
the egg developing. The pregnancy
tissue is then absorbed into the woman’s
body.
• In more advanced stage; a surgery is
required to remove the egg.
61
62. Ectopic Pregnancy Management
• If the fallopian tube has ruptured,
emergency surgery is necessary to
stop the bleeding and fix the tube.
• In some cases, the fallopian tube and
ovary may be damaged and will have
to be removed.
62
63. Ectopic Pregnancy Management
• The hCG level will need to be rechecked
on a regular basis until it reaches zero if
the entire fallopian tube did not removed.
• An hCG level that remains high could
indicate that the ectopic tissue was not
entirely removed, which would require
another surgery or medical management.
63