Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy by removing the embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus. Miscarriages that occur spontaneously are also known as abortions. The most common causes of abortion are fatal genetic problems in the fetus that are unrelated to the mother. Symptoms of abortion include vaginal bleeding, pelvic cramps or pain, and passing blood clots or fetal tissue from the vagina. Risk factors include advanced maternal age, a history of recurrent miscarriages, infections, uterine abnormalities, and lifestyle factors like smoking or drug use. Diagnosis involves pelvic exams, ultrasounds, blood tests, and tissue testing if material has been passed. Treatment options for abortion include medication using mifep

1. ABORTION By :Othman adil
ATSU:university

2. Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by
removing an embryo or fetus before it
can survive outside the uterus An
that occurs spontaneously is also known
a miscarriage

3. WHAT CAUSES ABORTION?
• Most abortion happen when the unborn baby has fatal genetic problems. Usually, these
problems are unrelated to the mother.
• Other causes of miscarriage include:
• Infection-
• Medical conditions in the mother, such as diabetes or thyroid disease-
• Hormone problems-
• Immune system response-
• Physical problems in the mother-
• Uterine abnormalities-
• A woman has a higher risk of miscarriage if she:-
• Is over age 35
• Has certain diseases, such as diabetes or thyroid problems
• Has had three or more miscarriages

4. SYMPTOMS
• Vaginal bleeding that may be light or heavy, constant or
irregular. Although bleeding is often the first sign of a
miscarriage
• Pain : pelvic cramps, belly pain, or a persistent, dull ache
in your lower back. Pain may start a few hours to several
days after bleeding has begun.
• Blood clots or grayish (fetal) tissue passing from
the vagina.

5. RISK FACTORS
• Age especially at age 35 and older.
• A history of recurrent miscarriage (three or more)
• Polycystic ovary syndrome, which can cause ovulation problems, obesity, increased male
hormone levels, and an increased risk of diabetes.
• Certain bacterial or viral infections during pregnancy.
• A blood-clotting disorder such as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
• Problems with the structure of the uterus (such as a uterus with a septum or wall).
• Exposure to dangerous chemicals or certain medicines
• The father's age, especially after age 35.
• Alcohol use, cigarette smoking, or cocaine use during pregnancy.

6. COMPLICATIONS
• Some women who miscarry develop a uterine infection, also called a septic miscarriage.
Signs and symptoms of this infection include:
• Fever
• Chills
• Lower abdominal tenderness
• Foul-smelling vaginal discharge

7. DIAGNOSIS
• Pelvic exam. The doctor provider might check to see if the cervix has begun to dilate
•
Ultrasound. During an ultrasound the doctor provider will check for a fetal heartbeat and
determine if the embryo is developing normally
• Blood tests.check the level of the pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)
in blood and compare it to previous measurements.
• Tissue tests. If you have passed tissue, it can be sent to a lab to confirm that a miscarriage
has occurred — and that your symptoms aren't related to another cause.
• Chromosomal tests. If you've had two or more previous miscarriages, your health care
provider may order blood tests for both you and your partner to determine if your
chromosomes are a factor.

8. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
• Appendicitis
• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and Cystitis (Bladder Infection) in Females
• Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding in Emergency Medicine
• Dysmenorrhea
• Early Pregnancy Loss in Emergency Medicine
• Emergent Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
• Lower Genitourinary Trauma
• Ovarian Cysts

9. TREATMENT
• The abortion pill :
The abortion pill is in fact two medicines. The first medicine ends the pregnancy
and is named mifepristone. It works by blocking the hormone progesterone.
Without progesterone, the lining of the uterus breaks down and the pregnancy
cannot continue.
• The second medicine:
msoprostoli makes the womb contract, causing cramping, bleeding and the loss of
the pregnancy similar to a miscarriage.

10. TREATMENT
• Surgical abortion involves a minor operation. There are two types of surgical abortion:
• Vacuum aspiration can be done with local anaesthetic, sedation or general anaesthetic:
• Removes the pregnancy by gentle suction.
• Up to 14 weeks, this can be done with local anaesthetic. The quicker recovery time for this
procedure means you can leave the clinic unattended and drive sooner.
• Up to 15 weeks this can be done with sedation (relaxed and sleepy) or under general
anaesthetic.
• Dilatation and Evacuation – between 15 and 24 weeks of pregnancy.
• Carried out under general anaesthetic.
• The pregnancy is removed using narrow forceps through the neck of the womb (cervix).
• You will need cervical preparation on the day of surgery or possibly the day before.