Preeclampsia is a multiple system disorder characterized by new onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. It is caused by unknown etiological factors and includes gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and eclampsia. Risk factors include primigravidity, family history, and pre-existing conditions. Clinical features range from mild to severe. Management involves monitoring, controlling blood pressure, preventing complications, and timely delivery.
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
This topic contains detailed description about labour, its definition, date of onset of labour, calculations of date of delivery, causes of onset of labour, physiology of normal labour, and events, clinical course and management of each stages of labour.
It is a composite graphical recording of cervical dilatation and descent of head against duration of labour in hours.
It also gives information about fetal and maternal condition that are all recorded on single sheet of paper.
This ppt is made by Mr. arkab khan pathan under guidance of Mrs. RAKHI GOAR. this ppt contain the detail and all the lecture notes of HEG.
THANK YOU.
Arkab khan
Case Study Report on PIH and Severe Pre eclampsiaRashmi Regmi
it is a case study report on PIH and Severe Pre eclampsia
I did when I was posted on Kist Medical TEaching Hospital for Midwifery Practicum
Prepared by:
Rashmi Regmi
B Sc Nursing
Manmohan Memorial Institute Of health Sciences
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
This topic contains detailed description about labour, its definition, date of onset of labour, calculations of date of delivery, causes of onset of labour, physiology of normal labour, and events, clinical course and management of each stages of labour.
It is a composite graphical recording of cervical dilatation and descent of head against duration of labour in hours.
It also gives information about fetal and maternal condition that are all recorded on single sheet of paper.
This ppt is made by Mr. arkab khan pathan under guidance of Mrs. RAKHI GOAR. this ppt contain the detail and all the lecture notes of HEG.
THANK YOU.
Arkab khan
Case Study Report on PIH and Severe Pre eclampsiaRashmi Regmi
it is a case study report on PIH and Severe Pre eclampsia
I did when I was posted on Kist Medical TEaching Hospital for Midwifery Practicum
Prepared by:
Rashmi Regmi
B Sc Nursing
Manmohan Memorial Institute Of health Sciences
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy refer to a group of conditions characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy, which can include gestational hypertension (high blood pressure that develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy) and preeclampsia (a more severe form of hypertension that can also cause protein in the urine and changes in liver function). These conditions can be serious for both the mother and the baby and may require close monitoring and management. Treatment options may include medications to lower blood pressure, as well as close monitoring of the mother and baby to ensure their health and well-being.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
4. DEFINITION
DEFINITION:
Preeclampsia is a multiple system disorder of unknown etiology
characterized by development of hypertension to the extent of 140/90
mm hg or more with proteinuria after 20th week in a previously
normotensive and non-proteinuric woman.
PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION :
The term “pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)” is defined
as the hypertension that develops as a direct result of a gravid state.
It includes
Gestational hypertension
Pre-eclampsia
Eclampsia
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6. RISK FACTORS
Primigravida
Family history
Placental
abnormalities
Obesity
Pre-existing
vascular disease
New paternity
Thrombophilias
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7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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In normal pregnancy
Angiotensin II is destroyed by angiotensinase enzyme
which is liberated from placenta.
Vascular system becomes refraction to pressure agent like
angiotensin II by increased synthesis of prostaglandin and
nitric oxide, which act as vasodilator.
8. CLINICAL TYPES
PRE-ECLAMPSIA
MILD SEVERE
Diastolic BP is above 90 mm
hg but less than 110 mm hg.
Systolic BP is 30 mm hg above
the pregnancy reading in early
pregnancy.
The mean arterial pressure
exceeds 105 mm hg.
Systolic BP more than 160mm hg
or diastolic more than 110 mm hg.
Proteinuria > 5 gm/24 hours.
Oliguria < 400 ml/24 hours.
Platelet count < 100000 / mm3.
HELLP syndrome.
Cerebral or visual disturbances.
IUGR
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9. CLINICAL FEATURES
PRE-ECLAMPSIA
WARNING SIGNS SIGNS
Severe headache or blurred vision
Nausea or vomiting
Dizziness or double vision
Excessive swelling of the hands or feet
Decreased frequency of urination
Rapid pulse
Abnormal weight gain
Raise blood pressure
Oedema
Pulmonary oedema
ALARMING SYMPTOMSMILD SYMPTOMS
Slight swelling over the ankles.
Swelling may extend to face,
abdominal wall, vulva and even the
whole body.
Headache
Diminished urine output.
Disturbed sleep.
Epigastric pain.
Eye symptoms
Blurring vision
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14. SCREENING TESTS
Doppler ultrasound
Presence of diastolic notch at 24 weeks gestation.
Absence of end diastolic frequencies.
Average mean arterial pressure (MAP) in second
trimester more than 90 mm hg.
Fetal DNA.
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15. PROPHYLACTIC MEASURES
Regular antenatal check-up.
Antithrombotic agents.
Heparin or low molecular weight.
Calcium supplementation (2 gms per day).
Antioxidants, vitamins E, C, and nutritional
supplementation with magnesium, zinc, fish oil and
low salt diet.
Balanced diet.
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16. MANAGEMENT
Objectives
To stabilize the hypertension and to prevent severe
pre-eclampsia.
To prevent the complications.
To prevent eclampsia.
Delivery a healthy baby in optimal time.
Restoration of the health of the mother in
Puerperium.
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19. CONT…..
DRUGS DOSE SCHEDULE MAXIMUM DOSE MAINTAINANCE DOSE
Labetalol 10-20 mg, IV every
10 min
300 mg, IV 40 mg/hour
Hydralazine 5 mg, IV every 30
min
30 mg, IV 10 mg/ hour
Nifedipine 10-20 mg, orally,
can be repeated in
30 min
240 mg/ 24 hour 4-6 hour interval
Nitroglycerine 5 µg/ min IV Short term therapy only when the other drugs
have failed.Sodium
Nitroprusside
0.25-5 µg/kg/min
IV
Antihypertensive crisis
The following drugs can be used when the BP is more than 160/110 mm hg
or the MAP is more than 125 mm hg :
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21. CONT…..
Management during labour
Progress of labour recorded in partograph.
Abdominal and vaginal examination at regular
intervals.
Bed rest in first stage of labour.
Cut short the second stage of labour with using
prophylactic forceps.
Methergine contraindicated in 3rd stage.
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23. HEELLP SYNDROME
This is an acronym for haemolysis, elevated liver
enzymes and low platelet count (< 100000 mm3).
This is rare complications in pre-eclampsia.
HELLP syndrome are developed even without
maternal hypertension.
The symptoms are nausea, vomiting, Epigastric pain,
right upper quadrant pain along with biochemical and
hematological changes.
There may be sub capsular hematoma formation and
peripheral blood smear.
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24. Antiseizure prophylaxis with magnesium sulphate
(MgSO4) are started.
Anticorticosteroids administer to improves the perineal and
maternal outcome.
Caesarean section are common mode of delivery.
Epidural anaesthesia can be used very safely if platelet
count more than 100000 /mm3.
Platelet transfusion if count less than 50,000/mm3.
Recurrent risk of HELLP syndrome 3-19 %.
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25. CONT…..
Expectant management
This management carried out selectively :
When pregnancy less than 34 weeks.
With bed rest.
Plasma volume expansion.
Antithrombotic agent (Dipyridamole).
Anti-immunosuppressant (steroids).
Others (fresh frozen plasma).
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