This document discusses various methods of assessing personality, including subjective, objective, and projective methods. The subjective method involves self-reports like autobiographies, questionnaires, and inventories. The objective method uses observation, checklists, ratings scales, and performance/situational tests. Projective techniques include the Rorschach inkblot test, where subjects report what they perceive in inkblots, and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), where subjects generate stories based on ambiguous pictures. Specific tests discussed include Bell's Adjustment Inventory, case study method, sentence completion tests, and situational tests. The document concludes with precautions that should be taken when using psychological tests.

1. ASSESSMENTS OF PERSONALITY
K.THIYAGU, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod

2. Approaches and Methods of
Assessment of PersonalityMethodsofPersonality
Assessment
Subjective Method
Autobiography,
Self Rating,
Questionnaires
Objective Method
Observation, Check list
Rating scale,
performance and situational
test
Projective Method
Perceptive Technique –
Rorschach Ink Blot Test
Apperception Techniques - TAT
Productive Techniques

3. SUBJECTIVE METHOD

4. Interview Method

5. Interview Method
• Interview may be introductory, fact finding, diagnostic or
prognostic in nature.
• Two kinds: Structured and Unstructured

6. Questionnaire

7. Questionnaire
• Questionnaire refers to a device for securing answers to
questions by using an inquiry form which the respondent
fills in himself. – Good & Hatt
• Types : closed or structured form and open ended form

8. Questionnaire
Closed / Structured From: Yes or No type : Adopting English medium for
instruction from primary school level will improving learning outcomes.
Yes / No
Open Form / free response type: What are your reasons for considering
adoption of English Medium for instruction from primary school level will
increase learning outcomes.

9. Personality Inventory

10. Personality inventory
This is similar to a
questionnaire but
the items given in
it are in form of
statements.
No Statements Always Sometimes never

11. Bell’s Adjustment Inventory
• It is available in two forms
– School / Adults
• Adjustment inventory for
school students are 140
items in a Four domains –
each domain 35 statements
• Domains are family, health,
community and emotions.

12. OBJECTIVE METHODS

13. Observation

14. Observation
•Observation implies observing the behavior
of others and this method provides direct
knowledge of behavior.

15. Observation
Stages of observation
1. Perception ;
2. Recording of what is
observed,
3. Classification
4. Analysis of behavior
and
5. Generalization
Types :
1. Direct & Indirect
2. Natural & Artificial
3. Scheduled &
Unscheduled
4. Participant & Non-
participant

16. Case Study Method

17. Case Study Method
• A techniques that consists of
an intensive study of pupil’s
problem
• To study of specific problem of
an individual and suggest the
remedial measures
• It is also called clinical method
/ case history

18. Case Study Method
Steps :
1. Identification of the
problem
2. Collection of pertinent
data from all possible
sources
3. Diagnosis of the
problem
4. Suggesting remedial
measures
5. Follow up

19. PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES

20. Three types of projective techniques
Projective Techniques
Perceptive
The subject is to
report what he
perceives of the
stimulus presented –
Eg: Rorschach Ink
Blot Test
Apperceptive
The subject goes
beyond what he
perceives and offers
instead an elaborate
story. Eg: TAT
Productive
Performance of the
subject like what he
draws, what object
he makes of plastic
clay, how he plays a
role etc.

21. RORSCHACH INK-BLOT TEST

22. RORSCHACH INK-BLOT TEST
• Developed by Harmann Rorschach
– Swiss Psychiatrist - 1921
• Test materials consists of 10 cards –
each card showing an ink-blot
figure – ie. Symmetrical nature in
both sides.
• Uses 10 official inkblots
• 5 black and white
• 2 black and red and white
• 3 multicolored

23. Scoring and Analysis of Responses
Location
• W=Whole blot
area
• D=Large
common detail
• D=Small
common detail
• S= White Space
Determinants
• M= Movement
• F=Form
• C= Color
• K=Texture of
surface
appearances
Contents
• H=Human
Figures
• A=Animal
Figures
• Hd=Human
details
• Obj= Man
made objects
• Pl=Plants

26. The Rorschach Test
Ink Blot Test
Please…
 Maintain concentration throughout
 Do not discuss during activity
 Follow Verbal Instructions of Tester
 Will Announce completion
There will be Two Individual
phases:
1) Free Association &
2) Inquiry

27. The Rorschach Test
PHASE 1: Free Association
Please…
Write the first image that comes to mind
Do not discuss during activity
Follow Verbal Instructions of Tester
Note time elapsed for each one

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38. Now, let’s go back and review each
slide.
do you have any different and/or
additional observations thoughts?
If so, what are they?

39. The Rorschach Test
PHASE 2: Inquiry
Please…
A)Note where <on the inkblot> you originally saw your image/object
B)Briefly describe what makes it look like that
*Do not discuss with classmates at this point
*May ask tester <teacher> questions during activity
*Follow Verbal Instructions of Tester
*Note time elapsed

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50. Thematic Apperception Test - TAT

51. THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST - TAT
• Developed by Murray Morgan
• This test consists of pictures, each picture depicting a vague
social situation.

52. TAT - EXAMPLE

53. It is the picture of two boys in the orchard / fruit Garden.
• Story:
• Two students of the Tenth standard, Ram and Raghu were
preparing for Board exams at the Nethaji Academy, Kerala. On the
way back to their home, they used to eat the mangoes while
trespassing (unlawful entry) into an orchard. On day, the Mani
(Gardener) caught both of them and started taking them to their
parents. Ram confessed the fault with Raghu and requested not to
take them to their parents. In return, they promised to do
something for the farm. On the coming Sunday, Ram and Raghu
went along with their five friends. Along with the Mani, they
cleaned the farm, repaired the boundary walls and sprayed
pesticides. They promised the Mani to do this once in every month.
Mani became happy and gave them fruits and they all became
friendly to each other.

54. Interpretation
• The Hero trespassed into the orchard, when caught
confessed the fault (Initiative) in an acceptable and
submissive way. Also, he made the confession (Courage)
with his friend not to repeat it (the Hero had Self-
Confidence and a good friendly influence on his.
• Further, he requested not to take to their parents on
their promise to do something good for the garden
(Sense of Responsibility). Seeing their acceptable
conversation, admissible gesture and the degree of
confession, the Mali released them.
• Ram and Raghu convinced their friends (Social
Adaptability and Ability to Influence the Group) to set an
example by doing some welfare deeds which made the
Mani happy and he rewarded them with fruits.
Interpretation

67. Productive Techniques

68. Sentence Completion Test

69. Examples of sentence completion
• I wish _________.
• I love _________.
• A husband should ______.
• My nerves are made of _________.
• I hate _________.
Sentence Completion Test

70. Free Association Tests

71. Free Association Tests
•Jung developed free
association test – further
elaborated by Kent and
Rosanoff.
•Tester tells one stimulus
word – immediately subject
responds by another word.
•The type of responses when
analysed will give a clue to
personality characteristics.

72. Situational Test

73. • Situational test is a kind of performance test
• The subjects are observed in situations and they do
not know that they are being assessed.
Example
• vocabulary test - find out the honesty of subject
• A list of words may be given to the subject, who is
asked to check only the words known to him / her.
• In the list some fictitious (unreal / fault) words are
also included
• If a subject checks fictitious words also he is
exposing his / her dishonesty by his / her over
statement.
Situational Test

75. Precaution to be taken in using
psychological test
• Psychological test should be conducted only by well
trained and qualified persons
• Test scores should be given only to those who can
properly interpret them.
• Test scores are to be handed over only to parents /
headmaster / counselor / the guidance worker
• While attempting to interpret the meaning of scores,
three factors – the nature of the test, test situation and
the testee should be kept in mind
• Test result are to be protected well / if it needs provide
feed back and guidance and counseling service

76. JAI BHARAT !
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