Practical research for grade 11

1. Sampling and Data
Collection

2. Sampling

3. POPULATION
SAMPLING FRAME
SAMPLE
SAMPLING
Definitions
refers to your method or
process of selecting respondents or
people to answer questions
meant to yield data
The chosen ones through which
you will derive facts and
evidence
The bigger group where you
choose the sample
the list of the members of such
population from where you will get the
sample.

4. SAMPLING
Probability
TYPES OF SAMPLING
Non Probability

5. Simple Random Sampling
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
the best type of probability
sampling in which all the members has
the opportunity to be chosen.

6. Systematic Sampling
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
if you want to have a sample of 150, you
may select a set of numbers like 1 to 15,
and out of a list of 1,500 students, take
every 15th name on the list until you
complete the total number

7. Stratified Sampling
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
group comprising the sample is chosen
in a way that such group is liable to
subdivision during the data
analysis stage.

8. Cluster Sampling
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
probability sampling that makes you
isolate a set of persons instead of
individual members to serve as sample
members.

9. Quota Sampling
TYPES OF NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING
you directly choose that set of persons
for you already
believe that their characteristics is
suited or closely related to your study.

10. Voluntary Sampling
TYPES OF NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING
your target sample are the ones who
willingly present
themselves to participate in the study.

11. Purposive or Judgmental
TYPES OF NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING
selection is based in the judgment of the
researcher. They are the people with
interest in the study, and possess
capability and
experiences in the said topic.

12. Availability Sampling
TYPES OF NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING
the willingness of each person is the
measurement of this sampling. Any
available persons as long as they are
willing to respond in your questions.

13. Snowball Sampling
TYPES OF NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING
This is rolling or it could be strolling
anywhere. You have the freedom to
choose and increase your
sample.(Harding 2013)

14. Data Collection

15. Observation Interview Questionnaire
Methods of Data Collection
the researchers
personally look into,
interact, or communicate
with the subjects
verbally ask the subjects
or respondents questions
to give answer
a paper containing a list of
questions including the
specific space in the paper
where you write the answers

16. Participant Observation
the researchers takes part in the activities
of the individual or group. They could directly obtained the firsthand
knowledge about the subjects’ behavior and they could record their
experiences through descriptive observation and narrative account.
Non–Participant or Structured Observation
this observation completely detaches you from the target observation,
all you need to do is to listen and watch them and have your own
checklist.
Types of Observation

17. Direct Observation
this observation method makes you see or listen to
everything that happens in the area of observation.
Indirect Observation
this method is also called archaeology because
here you observe traces of past events to get information or a
measure of behavior, trait, or quality of your subject.
Methods of Observation

18. Structured
Interview
Types of Interview
requires the use of an interview schedule
or list of questions answerable with one and only item
from set of
alternative responses.
the respondents answer the questions based on what
they personally think and feel about it. There are no
suggested answers.
this is a combination of the first two
types of interview. Here you prepare a list of questions
with responses,
then you can ask the respondents of their reasons or
explanations.
Unstructured
Interview
Semi–
Structured
Interview

19. Types of Questionnaire
this type of questionnaire goes to the respondent through postal service or
electronic mail.
Postal Questionnaire
Self - Administered Questionnaire
this makes you act as the interviewer and the interviewee at the same time.
First, you ask questions either in person or through phone; then, you write
his/her responses on a piece of paper. (Barbour 2014)

20. Ethical Considerations before the Conduct of Interview
• Interviews are not anonymous, but you must provide confidentiality.
• Participants should be asked to sign a consent form.
• Participants should be given a consent form to keep in addition to the
one signed and returned to the interviewer.
• Most face-to-face interviews are taped. The participants must agree to be
audio-taped or
• video-taped. The researcher can still take notes on the interview if
consent to be taped is not granted.
• Tapes and notes should be kept in a secure place. Anything that could
identify the participant (such as tapes) should be destroyed at the
conclusion of the research.

21. Interviewing Behavior
• Respect the culture of the group being studied
• Respect the individual being interviewed
• Be natural
• Develop an appropriate rapport with the participant
• Ask one question at a time
• Ask the same question in different ways during the interview
• Ask the interviewee to repeat an answer when in doubt
• Vary who controls the flow of communication
• Avoid leading questions
• Don’t interrupt

22. Interview Guides: Open-ended Questions
• List of open-ended questions is prepared in advance by the
researcher.
• The questions should be open up discussion not close it down.
• You also have to consider that how you phrase questions will shape
interviewees response.
• Try to avoid questions that can easily be answered by a simple yes
or no unless you plan to follow-up yes/no responses with a more
detailed question.
• Avoid leading questions / questions that lead interviewees to give a
particular response.

23. Interview Guides: Open-ended Questions
• Be cautious about using the question “why”. People don’t always
know why they do things, and they may feel defensive when asked
to provide an account of their actions.
• You will probably need follow-ups. “Please explain” or “Describe”.
• “What” questions sometimes result in one or two word responses
and should be used sparingly.
• “How” questions usually produce detailed responses.
• You should always try to pretest your interview guide because what
may seem like a good question in the abstract may turn out not to
be in practice.

24. Sample Qualitative Interview Questions
INTERVIEW GUIDE
Kinship Care: A Lived Experience of Young Adults
Research Questions:
• 1. What is their lived experience as a student living with their
relatives?
• 2. How do student who live with their relatives describe their day-to-
day experience?
• 3. What role does the kin play in the life of the student?
• 4. How does this experience shape their views of their student life?

25. Sample Qualitative Interview Questions
Part I. Introduction (face-to-face interview script)
• Thank you for taking time to meet with me today. Before we begin,
let me goover the informed consent with you (read informed
consent and have participant sign ifperson agrees to
• participate). Today’s interview should last between 30 minutes to 1
hour depending on your responses. I will ask you information
about yourself and yourexperiences growing up in kinship.
• Kinship care is the practice of being raisedby relatives
(grandparents, siblings, cousins, aunts and uncles, etc.)

26. Sample Qualitative Interview Questions
Part I. Introduction (face-to-face interview script)
• Please note that you do not have to answer any questions that make you
feeluncomfortable Also, your answers are completely confidential, your
name or any other identifying information will not be revealed to others.
The information you share with me today will be used for research at
Central Philippine University, Graduate Studies Program. The findings
from the study will provide information on the impact of children raised
in kinship. These findings might help human resource professionals
(teachers, social workers, etc.) better serve children raised in kinship.
Do you have any questions before we start? If you have no questions,
let us begin. I will start recording our conversation at this time.

27. Sample Qualitative Interview Questions
Part II: Kinship Experiences
1. How old were you when you started living with your kin/relative?
2. What situation or event led to you being raised by your kin/relative? Are
your parents still alive?
• If yes: Does your parent support you in your studies and every day
expenses?
• If No: Who supports you in your studies and every day expenses?
3. Can you describe how it was like living with your kin/relative?
4. Can you describe your typical day living with your kin when you are not
attending school?

28. Sample Qualitative Interview Questions
Part II: Kinship Experiences
5. What was it like as a child growing up with your kin/relative?
6. How do you deal with the children of your kin/relative? Can you describe
the kind of relationship you have with them?
7. How would you describe your relationship with your kinship parent?
8. What role do they play in your education?
9. How does your situation living with your kin affect your life as a
student?
10. Any additional comments or thoughts you would like to share/discuss?

29. Sample Qualitative Interview Questions
Part II: Kinship Experiences
• Thank you very much for taking the time to share your experiences as a
childgrowing up in kinship. As soon as I am done putting together the
transcript ofthis interview, you are welcome to review it and make
corrections when needed. Lastly, if talking about your childhood
brought up feelings you want to process, I can recommend you to a
counselor available to you free of charge. Again, thank you so much.

30. Activities

31. Write your own Research Guide Questions
Research Questions:
Introduction:
Interview Questions:
Closing:

32. Thank
you