This document discusses high voltage equipment and power transmission. It begins by listing references on high voltage engineering. It then provides equations showing that transmission losses are directly proportional to resistance and inversely proportional to the square of the transmission voltage. To reduce losses, the transmission voltage should be increased. It also discusses key differences between high and low voltage equipment, including larger insulation systems, components, cooling requirements, and overvoltage protection for high voltage.

1. HIGH VOLTAGE
REFFERENCES BY:
1. Bonggas L. Tobing, “Peralatan Tegangan Tinggi” Jakarta:
PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama,
2012
2. Arismunandar Artono., “Teknik Tegangan Tinggi"
Gallagher, T.J ”High Voltage(measurement, testing and
design)”.
3. Kuffel,E & zeangl W.S., “High Voltage Engginering”. Oxford
: Pergamon Press, 1984

2. •
Simple Electric Power System

3. Transmission losses in 3-phase AC current:
∆Pt = 3 I2 R …(1)
Regardless of the capacitive current, I along the same transmission wire :
…(2)
By substituting (2) to (1), then:
∆Pt = Total transmission losses (watts)
I = Current on the transmission wire (A)
R = Resistance of wire transmission per phase (Ohm)
P = Load power at the receiving end of the transmission (watts)
V = Transmitter receiving phase (Volt) phase voltage
Cos = Load power factor
CosrV
P
I
3



22
2
CosrV
RP
tP


4. •
Transmission losses are directly proportional to the
amount of resistance and inversely proportional to the
square of the transmission voltage, so that the
reduction of losses is done by increasing the
transmission voltage


22
2
CosrV
RP
tP

5. SUBSTATION

6. Main Things
Differentiate High Voltage Equipment From Low Voltage
• Isolation System
• The size of equipment components that conduct current
• Cooling system
• Splicing of conductors
• Overvoltage protection

7. High Voltage Equipment Insulation System
E = Electric field pressure in insulation
V = Equipment working voltage Cooling system
S = Spacing of the electrodes Overvoltage protection
Insulation construction is made in such a way as to be able to bear high electric field
pressure by:
1. Enlarge the dimensions of the insulating material
2. Control the electric field pressure
s
V
E 

8. Enlarge the Dimensions of
Insulation Materials

9. Controlling Electric Field
Pressure
1. Arranging equipment parts to form the electrode arrangement such that the electric field pressure in the
insulation system decreases
2.
2. Making voltage leveling electrodes that function to even out the voltage distribution in the insulation system
• Internal leveling electrodes
• External leveling electrodes
• Intermediate leveler electrodes

10. Intermediate Leveler
Electrodes

11. High Voltage Equipment
Conductors
I = Current flowing at the core of the cable(A)
R = Cable core resistance(Ohm)
P = Load power losses (Watts)
RIP 2 THERMAL
INCREASE
TEMPERATURE
CONDUCTOR
CABLE ISOLATION
Spread heat from
the core less cable
Minimize core resistance
Increase the size of the
cross section

12. High Voltage Equipment
Conductors
 (mm2) Isolasi(mm) Arus (A)
10 0 110
10 1 64
25 1 110
25 110
1 64

13. Voltage Levels That The
Equipment May Carry
1. Continuous work voltage
2. Voltage over frequency power
“if there is a short circuit of one phase to the ground which
results in a voltage increase in the other two phases”
3. Overvoltage voltage surge
4. Over voltage surges of lightning

14. Overvoltage Protection
Equipment
OVERVOLTAGE
ISOLATION
”GOOD”
“ISOLATION “ COST
EXPENSIVE
INVESTATION &
CARE EXPENSIVE PROTECTION

15. THANK YOU