superconducting dc cable for railway applications

1. Superconducting DC Cable
for Railway applications
SUBMITTED BY:
KASHISH SRIVASTAVA
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING(3rd year)

2. Contents
Introduction
Semiconductor and its Properties
Cross-sectional view of htsc
Htsc cables and transformers
Applications
Power transmission cables
Advantages and disadvantages
Conclusion

3. Introduction
Superconductors(SC) are materials which exhibit zero
resistivity below a certain temperature.
The phenomenon of superconductivity was first observed
in mercury by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh
Onnes in 1911 .
Discovery of High Temperature superconductors in 1986
reignited interest in superconducting Power application
because of lower cooling costs.

4. What is Superconductivity?
Superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in several
metals and ceramic materials cooled to temp. ranging from
near abs. zero (0 K, -2730 C) to liquid nitrogen temp. ( 77
K, -1960 C), their electrical resistance drops with a jump
down to zero.
The temperature at which
electrical resistance is zero is
called the critical temperature
(Tc).

5. MERCURY
The First Superconductor Material
Discovered in 1911
Critical Temp = 4.2 K (-269 C)

6. HTS Cables..
Superconducting property about temp 70[K] .
Cooled by liquid Nitrogen [Liquid N2].

7. Properties of Superconductors:-
 Zero resistivity.
Critical temperature (Tc).
 Critical magnetic field (Bc).
Critical current (Jc).

8. Applications of HTSC
Superconducting transmission line cables
Superconductor magnetic energy storage (SMES)
Superconducting generator
Magnetic separators
Magnetic Levitation
Superconducting magnets in generators
Particle accelerators
Rotating machinery

9. Development of High-Temperature
Superconducting Transformers
WHAT IS THE TRANSFORMER ?
Transformer is a static device which
transfer electrical energy from one
circuit to another circuit without
changing its frequency. Transformer
is an heart of substation.

10. Cross-sectional view of HTS cable

11. A dc feeding system with an overhead contact line, in which a
single core HTS dc cable bypasses a normal cable.
A dc feeding system with an overhead contact line in which HTS dc cables of
double core type or two-in-one type bypass the normal feeder cable.
Schematic distribution of a conventional feeding network
The radiation heat load,

12. Power Transmission Cables
Since 10% to 15% of generated electricity is
dissipated in resistive losses in transmission lines,
the prospect of zero loss superconducting
transmission lines is appealing
 In prototype superconducting transmission lines at
Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1000 MW of
power can be transported within an enclosure of
diameter 40 cm.

13. Advantages of superconducting cable
over underground cable:-
Zero resistance
Small physical size
Reduced clearance for terminal facilities
 Higher reliability
Overload capability

14. Disadvantages
High cost.
Difficult for maintaining cryoogenic temp.
required for cooling.
Generator fails to work ,if the SC leave their
superconductivity state.

15. Conclusion
Further R&D is in progress to synthesize new
materials which might attain superconductivity at even
room temperatures
Such an invention can truly revolutionize the modern
world of electronics, power & transportation
They help by ensuring good quality power and
system-stability.

16. References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_
magnetic_energy_storage
http://www.ornl.gov/
http://www.superconductorweek.com/
http://www.ieeexplore.org/

17. Thank You