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Pediatric emergencies
This document discusses several common pediatric emergencies including fever, febrile seizures, dehydration, airway obstruction from croup, epiglottitis or foreign body aspiration, asthma, meningitis, submersion injury, poisoning, sudden infant death syndrome, and child abuse. For each condition, the document outlines signs and symptoms and recommended emergency care focusing on the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation), passive cooling, oxygen administration, positioning, and transport as needed. Respiratory arrest is identified as the most frequent cause of cardiac arrest in pediatrics.
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Pediatric emergencies
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- 2. Fever – Common Causes Infections Neoplasm(cancer) Drug ingestion Collagen vascular disease High environmental temperatures pediatrics
- 3. Emergency Care forFever Ensure BSI Begin passive cooling – Remove clothing/coverings – Damp towels No ice No alcohol No cold water baths pediatrics
- 4. Febrile Seizures common inchildren 6 months to 6 years caused by high fever history of infection generalized grand mal seizure less than 15 minutes pediatrics
- 5. Treatment ABC’s protect patient recovery position highflow oxygen suction prn Passive cooling measures transport pediatrics
- 6. Dehydration Dry lips andgums Fewer wet diapers Sunken eyes Poor skin turgor Sleepy or irritable Sunken fontanels pediatrics
- 7. Care for Dehydration Assessthe ABCs Obtain baseline vital signs ALS backup may be needed for IV administration pediatrics
- 8. Airway Obstruction Croup – Aninfection of the airway below the level of the vocal cords, caused by a virus Epiglottitis – Infection of the soft tissue in the area above the vocal cords Foreign body Aspiration pediatrics
- 9. Croup barking cough stridor wheezing rales accessory muscleuse nasal flaring grunting pediatrics
- 10. Epiglottitis severe dyspnea stridor inability toswallow - DROOLING fever tripod position pediatrics
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- 13. Foreign body aspiration Partial Blockage –coughing – accessory muscle use – nasal flaring – wheezing pediatrics Complete Blockage - no sound no cry stridor cyanosis loss of consciousness
- 14. treatment ABC’s high flow oxygen positionof comfort do not attempt to visualize the throat! do not put anything into patient’s mouth. pediatrics
- 15. Asthma dyspnea wheezing accessory muscle use nasalflaring respiratory rate - observe pediatrics
- 16. Treatment ABC’s high flow oxygen positionof comfort transport pediatrics
- 17. What is themost frequent cause of cardiac arrest in pediatrics? pediatrics
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- 19. Meningitis Inflammation of meninges Bacterialor viral Permanent brain damage/death pediatrics
- 20. Signs and Symptomsof Meningitis Fever ALOC Headache Seizure Nuchal rigidity pediatrics Vomiting Photophobia Irritability Bulging fontanel
- 21. Treatment BSI (Body substanceIsolation) ABC’s protect patient high flow oxygen passive cooling for fever monitor for shock Transport Call ALS for backup if unstable pediatrics
- 22. Submersion Injury Drowning ornear drowning Second most common cause of unintentional death ABC’s May be in respiratory or cardiac arrest C-spine precautions? Be ready to suction Keep warm pediatrics
- 23. Poisoning Poisoning is commonin children Ask specific questions of caregivers Focus on the ABCs Give oxygen Provide transport Child’s condition could change at any time pediatrics
- 24. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SIDS- “crib death” pediatrics
- 25. SIDS Definition - unexplaineddeath of an apparently healthy infant. 7500+ cases per year in U.S. Leading cause of death in infants <1 year old more cases in winter months pediatrics
- 26. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome(SIDS) Several known risk factors: – – – – – pediatrics Mother younger than 20 years old Mother smoked during pregnancy Low birth weight Putting babies to sleep on stomach Siblings of SIDS babies
- 27. Child Abuse Any improperor excessive action that injures or harms a child or infant physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect More than 2 million cases reported annually Be aware of signs of child abuse and report it to authorities pediatrics
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- 34. Emergency Medical Care ABCs Transportif you suspect child abuse Do not make accusations EMT-Bs must report all suspected cases of child abuse pediatrics
- 35. Sexual Abuse Children ofany age or either gender can be victims Limit examination Do not allow child to wash, urinate, or defecate Document carefully Transport pediatrics
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