1. The document discusses pediatric emergencies including injury risk factors, foreign body accidents, burns, near-drownings, and poisonings. It provides guidelines for rapidly assessing and stabilizing a pediatric patient's airway, breathing, circulation, and neurological status.
2. Fluid resuscitation guidelines are given for hemorrhagic shock in pediatric trauma. Control of external hemorrhage, cervical spine immobilization, and management of life-threatening chest injuries are also summarized.
3. Strategies for injury prevention include education, product design modifications, environmental changes, and applying Haddon's matrix to separate hazards and protect those at risk.
pediatric emergency its from important topics in pediatric and in this show we will discuss the most important things like shock and its types with special overview on hypovomlemic shock and its treatment and anaphylactic shock also with its treatment then transfered to other important one which is status asthmaticus and its treatment and then status epiliptucs and poisning
Hypothermia occurs when the newborn’s temperature drops below 36.3°C.
The smaller or more premature the newborn is, the greater the risk of heat loss. When heat loss exceeds the newborn’s ability to produce heat, its body temperature drops below the normal range and the newborn becomes hypothermic.
Early prevention measures are vital.
pediatric emergency its from important topics in pediatric and in this show we will discuss the most important things like shock and its types with special overview on hypovomlemic shock and its treatment and anaphylactic shock also with its treatment then transfered to other important one which is status asthmaticus and its treatment and then status epiliptucs and poisning
Hypothermia occurs when the newborn’s temperature drops below 36.3°C.
The smaller or more premature the newborn is, the greater the risk of heat loss. When heat loss exceeds the newborn’s ability to produce heat, its body temperature drops below the normal range and the newborn becomes hypothermic.
Early prevention measures are vital.
PREVIEW OF EMT/EMR PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES POWERPOINT TRAINING PRESENTATIONBruce Vincent
Presents information concerning the developmental and anatomical differences in infants and children, discuss common medical and trauma situations, and also covered are infants children dependent on special technology. Dealing with an ill or injured infant or child patient has always been a challenge for EMS providers. Presentation is over 100 slides in length. Meets or exceeds USDOT NHTSA 2009 Training Standards.
A presentation created and delivered by me in the pediatric department of Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) on the 10th of May 2017. It is composed of the following parts:
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Causes
- Assessment
- Management
The total number of slides is 19 slide. One of the slides contain a video from the IMCI program by World Health Organization (WHO) for assessment of children with dehydration. The youtube link of the video added in this online version instead of the complete video that was shown in the original presentation.
In the medical community, summertime involves a unique set of medical issues along with an increase in trauma patients. First responders must be prepared to treat these patients quickly and efficiently so that morbidity and mortality can be minimized.
Lauren Mutter, MD, is a pediatric emergency medicine fellow at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital.
Mark Meredith, MD, is associate professor of pediatric emergency medicine at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital.
18. Anticipating Cardiopulmonary Arrest Cardiopulmonary Failure Many Causes Respiratory Failure Cardiovascular Recovery Death Shock Neurological Impairment Neurological Recovery Path of various disease states leading to cardiopulmonary failure in infants and children
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31. Basic Life Support Maneuvers PALS 2006-2007 MANEUVER ADULT > 8 Years CHILD 1-8 Years INFANT < 1 Year Activate EMS (lone rescuer) When victim FOUND unresponsive, activate EMS. If asphyxial arrest likely, activate AFTER 5 cycles 2 min CPR. When victim FOUND unresponsive, activate AFTER 5 cycles CPR. For SUDDEN, WITNESSED COLLAPSE, activate after verifying victim unresponsive. Airway Head tilt-chin lift maneuver. If trauma suspected, use jaw thrust maneuver. Breaths Initial 2 effective breaths at 1 sec per breath
32. MANEUVER ADULT > 8 Years CHILD 1-8 Years INFANT < 1 Year Rescue Breaths Without chest compression 10-12 breaths/min (about 1 breath every 5-6 seconds) 12-20 breaths/min (about 1 breath every 3-5 seconds) Rescue Breaths for CPR With advanced airway 8-10 breaths/min (about 1 breath every 6-8 seconds) Foreign-body airway obstruction Abdominal thrusts Back slaps and chest thrusts (5) Circulation Pulse check ( < 10 sec) Carotid (can use Femoral in the child) Brachial or Femoral
33. MANEUVER ADULT > 8 Years CHILD 1-8 Years INFANT < 1 Year Compression landmark Center of chest between nipples Just below the nipple line Compression method: Push hard and fast allowing complete recoil Heel of 1 hand on top of other hand 2 Hands: Heel of 1 hand on top of second hand 1 Hand: Heel of 1 hand only 1 rescuer: 2 fingers 2 rescuers: 2 thumbs with encircling hands Compression depth 1 ½-2 inches Approximately 1/3-1/2 the depth of the chest Compression rate Approximately 100/min Compression-ventilation ratio 1 or 2 rescuers 30:2 1 rescuer 30:2 2 rescuers 15:2
CP arrest in infants and children is rarely a sudden event. Instead, it is often the end result of progressive deterioration in respiratory and circulatory function. No matter what the cause is, the end result in this deterioration is the development of cardiopulmonary failure and possible arrest. If pulseless cardiac arrest develops, there is very poor prognosis. If the clinician recognizes early the manifestations of respiratory failure or shock and quickly starts therapy then cardiopulmonary arrest can often be prevented.
Skilled physical examination is needed to recognize cardiopulmonary deterioration in the infant or child. Laboratory tests are useful adjuncts in determining the severity of physiologic derangements but they are not crucial to the initial evaluation. Every clinician who works with children should be able to recognize potential pulmonary and circulatory failure and impending cardiopulmonary arrest based on a rapid CP assessment. The rapid CP assessment is designed to evaluate pulmonary and cardiovascular functions and their effects on end-organ perfusion and function.
Since the conditions of these patients are often dynamic, repeated assessments are necessary to evaluate trends in their conditions or the responses to therapy.
Hypovolemic shock is the leading form of shock in children worldwide.
Since cardiac and cardiopulmonary arrest in children is most commonly associated with the development of hypoxemia rather than with ventricular arrhythmias, about 1 min of rescue support may restore oxygenation and effective ventilation or may prevent the child with respiratory arrest from developing cardiac arrest.
If the infant or child is unresponsive, has no evidence of trauma and obviously breathing effectively, the rescuer should place the victim in the recovery position and activate EMS.
Cardiac output = volume of blood ejected by the heart each minute. Stroke volume = volume of blood ejected by the ventricles with each contraction. Of the variables affecting and affected by cardiac output, only the heart rate and blood pressure can be easily measured. Stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance must be indirectly assessed by examining the quality of pulses and evaluating tissue perfusion. Blood pressure is the product of cardiac output (flow) and systemic vascular resistance. Normal BP can be maintained despite a fall in cardiac output only if compensatory vasoconstriction occurs. Hypotension is a late and often sudden sign of cardiovascular decompensation. Therefore, even mild hypotension must be treated quickly and vigorously because it signals decompensation and CP arrest may be imminent. An observed fall of 10 mm Hg in systolic BP should prompt careful serial evaluations for additional signs of shock.
Epinephrine: for cardiac arrest, symptomatic bradycardia unresponsive to ventilation and oxygenation and hypotension not related to volume depletion; severe acidosis may depress its action, thus, should be corrected first with oxygenation, hyperventilation and restoration of systemic perfusion. Atropine: symptomatic bradycardia associated with poor perfusion, intubation and AV block; not indicated for asystole or cardiac arrest. Isoproterenol: for heart block unresponsive to atropine, for bradycardia with poor perfusion. Dopamine: for hypotension or poor peripheral perfusion with adequate intravascular volume and stable rhythm; for cardiogenic, distributive (DSS) and hypovolemic shock conditions. Dobutamine: for hypoperfusion with high systemic vascular resistance; most effective in severe congestive failure or cardiogenic shock.
This is due to larger head of a child than adult, more likely to “lead” in the fall. Cervical spine injury may be anatomic or functional. SCIWORA cannot be ruled out by radiographic examination and must be assumed to be present in all children with multiple injuries especially those apneic; accounts for large number of prehospital deaths previously thought to be due to head trauma.
In hemorrhagic shock: 3 for 1 rule, 3ml blood loss to 1 ml fluid.