enuresis involves the inability to awaken from sleep in response to a voiding stimulus (i.e., a full bladder), coupled with excessive nighttime urine production or decreased functional capacity of the bladder
seminar presentation on child guidance clinic its introduction definition concepts treatment of child family attitude and services provided at child guidance clinic area
HOSPITALIZATION: Effect on children and their parentsShivani Thakur
The experience of hospitalization in children can be considered as a process of effort for returning to health and, on the whole, the regaining of the individual's status in the world.
Nurse can ease this process by showing the importance of experience and feelings of individuals at the time of hospitalization and help people to adapt themselves to their new surroundings.
child health nursing : behavioural disorders - habit disorders (stereotypic movement disorder )
common habit disorder : thumb sucking, nail biting, tics, enuresis, encopresis, stealing , telling lie .
their definition , etiology, types , adverse effects management ( role of parents , assessment ,role of nurse , pharmacological and non pharmacological management . responsibilities of nurses.
Role of Child Health Nurse in caring of Hospital ChildAlka Singh
Subject : Child Health Nursing. Topic : Role Of Child Health Nurse In Child care at Hospital, Nursing Diagnosis, Various Measures to make hospital Child Friendly, Nurses Role in Care Of Toddlers, Infants, School Children, Adolescent.
enuresis involves the inability to awaken from sleep in response to a voiding stimulus (i.e., a full bladder), coupled with excessive nighttime urine production or decreased functional capacity of the bladder
seminar presentation on child guidance clinic its introduction definition concepts treatment of child family attitude and services provided at child guidance clinic area
HOSPITALIZATION: Effect on children and their parentsShivani Thakur
The experience of hospitalization in children can be considered as a process of effort for returning to health and, on the whole, the regaining of the individual's status in the world.
Nurse can ease this process by showing the importance of experience and feelings of individuals at the time of hospitalization and help people to adapt themselves to their new surroundings.
child health nursing : behavioural disorders - habit disorders (stereotypic movement disorder )
common habit disorder : thumb sucking, nail biting, tics, enuresis, encopresis, stealing , telling lie .
their definition , etiology, types , adverse effects management ( role of parents , assessment ,role of nurse , pharmacological and non pharmacological management . responsibilities of nurses.
Role of Child Health Nurse in caring of Hospital ChildAlka Singh
Subject : Child Health Nursing. Topic : Role Of Child Health Nurse In Child care at Hospital, Nursing Diagnosis, Various Measures to make hospital Child Friendly, Nurses Role in Care Of Toddlers, Infants, School Children, Adolescent.
CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AND ITS MANAGEMENT: AGE AND NATURE: INFANCY , ...Manisha Thakur
CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AND ITS MANAGEMENT: AGE AND NATURE: INFANCY , TODDLERS , ADOLESCENCE: SPEECH DISORDERS: SOMNAMBULISM, SOMNILOQUY. EATING DISORDERS: ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA. MOVEMENT DISORDERS: TICS. SPEECH DISORDERS: STUTTERING, CLUTTERING, STAMMERING. DISORDERS OF TOILET TRAINING: ENURESIS, ECOPRESIS. DISORDERS OF HABIT: TEMPER TANTRUM, BREATH HOLDING SPELLS, THUMB SUCKING, NAIL BITING. ADHD, SCHOOL PHOBIA, STRANGER ANXIETY.
Behavioral Management Technique For Patient With Special Needs DrGhadooRa
done by : ( ABCD'S &G )
alaa ba-jafar
abrar alshahranii
sahab filfilan
nada alharbi
shahd rajab
Ghadeer suwaimil
I hope that you enjoy and you benefit❤
Similar to Common Behavior Disorders in Children (20)
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
Common Behavior Disorders in Children
1.
2. Definition
A young person is said to have a
behaviour disorder
when he or she demonstrates behaviour
that is noticeably different from that
expected in the school or community.
A child who is not doing what adults
want him to do at a particular time.
7. Head Banging
Rhythmic hitting of the head against a solid surface often the crib mattress.
– In 5-20% of children during infancy & toddler years
– Benign & self-limiting
8. Head banging
– Can result in callus
formation, abrasions, contusi
ons
Treatment:
– Assurance – significant injury
unlikely
– Teach parents to ignore as
concern and punishment can
reinforce it.
– Padding
10. Finger (Thumb) sucking & Nail Biting
• Sensory solace for child
(“internal stroking”) to
cope with stressful
situation in infants and
toddlers.
• Reinforced by attention
from parents.
• Predisposing factors:
Developmental delay
Neglect
11. Finger (Thumb) sucking & Nail Biting
• Adverse Effects
– Malocclusion – open bite
– Mastication difficulty
– Speech difficulty ( D and T )
– Lisping
12. Finger (Thumb) sucking & Nail Biting
• Adverse Effects
– Paronychia and digital
abnormalities
13. Finger (Thumb) sucking & Nail Biting
Management
• Reassure parents that it’s
transient.
•
Most give up
by 2 yrs
•
If continued
beyond 4 yrs –
number of
squelae
•
If resumed at
7 – 8 yrs : sign
of Stress
• Improve parental attention /
nurturing.
• Teach parent to ignore; and give
more attention to positive aspects
of child’s behavior.
• Provide child praise / reward for
substitute behaviors.
• Bitter salves, thumb
splints, gloves may be used to
reduce thumb sucking.
14. Finger (Thumb) sucking & Nail Biting
• Treatment Options:
SOLUTION TYPE
HOW IT WORKS
EXAMPLES
Behvioural
Depends on child‟s Rewards &
willingness to stop punishments,
stories
Child loses control
when sleeping or
in subconscious
state
Aversive
Use of pain or
discomfort to
discourage the
habit
Creates more
stress and pain to
child / can even
worsen…
Mechanical
Mechanical
Bandages around
impediments to the elbows, socks over
process
the fingers, fabric
gloves, etc
Restrict
movements, can
be removed, not
hygienic
T Guards
Remove the
pleasure
associated by
eliminating suction
Can not remove,
hygienic, do not
restrict movement,
95% success rate
Applying foul
tasting liquids
Thumb guards,
finger guards
HOW IT FAILS
17. Temper Tantrums
• In 18 months to 3 yr olds due to
development of sense of autonomy.
• Child displays defiance, negativism /
oppositionalism by having temper tantrums.
• Normal part of child development.
• Gets reinforced when parents respond to it
by punitive anger.
• Child wrongly learns that temper tantrums
are a reasonable response to frustration.
19. Temper Tantrums –
Management
• In general, parents advised to:
Set a good example to child
Pay attention to child
Spend quality time
Have open communication with child
Have consistency in behavior
20. Temper Tantrums –
Management
• During temper tantrum:
Parents to ignore child and
once child is calm, tell child
that such behavior is not
acceptable
Verbal reprimand should not
be abusive
Never beat or threaten child
Impose “Time Out” - if
temper tantrum is
disruptive, out of control and
occurring in public place.
22. Evening Colic
• Intermittent episodes of abdominal pain and
severe crying in normal infants
• Begins at 1-2 wks age and persists till 3-4 mo.
• Crying usually in late afternoon or evening
• Definition:
“ Infant cries
for > 3 hrs per day
for > 3 days per week
for > 3 weeks ”
23. Evening Colic
Attack
• Begins suddenly with a loud cry
• Crying continuous – lasts for
several hours – mostly in the late
afternoon or evenings
• Face becomes red and legs drawn
up on the abdomen
• Abdomen becomes tense
• Attack terminates after exhaustion
or after passage of flatus or feces
25. Evening Colic
Management
During Episode
– Hold the child erect or prone
– Avoid drugs
– No much role to
antispasmodics, carminatives, simethicone, sup
positories or enemas
Counseling - Coping with the parents
– Reassure the parents that infant is not sick
– They need to soothe more with repetitive sound
and stimulate less with decrease in picking up
and feeding with every cry
27. Pica
Repeated or chronic
ingestion of
non-nutritive substances.
– Examples:
mud, paint, clay, plaster, char
coal, soil.
• Normal in infants and
toddlers.
• Passing phase.
Even Lord Krishna Did it !!!
28. Pica
Geophagia
Eating of mud, soil, clay, chalk, etc.
Pagophagia
Consumption of ice
Hyalophagia
Consumption of glass
Amylophagia
Consumption of starch
Xylophagia
Consumption of wood
Trichophagia
Consumption of hair
Urophagia
Consumption of urine
Coprophagia
Consumption of feces
29. Pica
Pica after 2nd yr of life needs investigation
• Predisposing factors :
Parental neglect
Poor supervision
Mental retardation
Lack of affection Psychological neglect,
(orphans)
Family disorganization
Lower socioeconomic class
Autism
30. Pica
• Screening indicated for:
Iron deficiency anemia
Worm infestations
Lead poisoning
Family dysfunction
• Treat cause accordingly.
• Usually remits in childhood but can
continue into adolescence
33. Breath Holding Spasms
Management – General:
• No treatment is usually needed
• Iron supplements to children with iron deficiency
During a spell :
• Make sure your child is in a safe place where he or she will not
fall or be hurt.
• Place a cold cloth on your child's forehead during a spell to
help shorten the episode.
• After the spell, try to be calm.
• Avoid giving too much attention to the child, as this can
reinforce the behaviors that led to the event.
• Avoid situations that cause a child's temper tantrums.
35. School Phobia
• Approximately 1 to 5% of school-aged children have
school refusal
•
Most common in 5- and 6-year olds and in 10- and 11year olds
• School refusal differs from truancy
(refusal is because of fear or anxiety about school)
36. School Phobia
What can parents do?
1. Have a physician examine the child to determine
if he or she has a legitimate illness.
2. Listen to the child talk about school to detect any
clues as to why he or she does not want to go.
3. Talk to the child's teacher, school psychologist,
and/or school counselor to share concerns.
4. Together determine a possible cause or causes
5. Develop an appropriate plan of action
37. School Phobia
• The goal is to have the child return to
school and attend class daily
• However, if the school phobia is
extreme, a therapist or psychiatrist's
assistance may be necessary.
39. Stuttering / Stammering
• Defect speech
• Stumbling and spasmodic repetition of
some syllables with pauses
• Difficulty in pronouncing consonants
• Caused by spasm of lingual and palatal
muscles
40. Stuttering / Stammering
• Usually begins between 2 – 5 yrs
• Reminding and ridiculing
aggravate
• Child loses self confidence and
become more hesitant
• They can often sing or recite
poems without stuttering
41. Stuttering / Stammering
Management
• Parents should be reassured
• They should not show undue concern and accept
his speech without pressurizing him to repeat
• Children should be given emotional support
• Older children with secondary stuttering should
be referred to speech therapist
42. … sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic motor movement or
vocalization involving discrete muscle groups
12 to 20% children,
peak age 5 -7 yr.
Motor Tics
or
Phonetic Tics
Can occur in
any body part
Decrease when focused
Tics
More common in boys
than in girls
Increase when stressed,
anxious, fatigued, or bored
43. Tics : Common types
Simple Tics:
• Grimacing
• Yawning
• Grunting
• Sighing
• Blinking
• Wrinkling
• Scratching nose
• Head jerking
• Throat clearing
Complex Tics:
• Jumping
• Spinning
• Touching objects or people
• Echopraxia: Repeating other‟s actions
• Copropraxia: Obscene gestures
• Palilalia: Repeating one‟s own words
• Echolalia: Repeating what someone
else said
• Coprolalia: Obscene, inappropriate
words
44. •
Tic Disorders
Transient
•
•
Chronic
•
•
Tourette‟s
(Gilles de la Tourette syndrome)
both multiple motor and one or
more vocal tics should have
been present at some time
during the illness, although not
necessarily concurrently;
the tics should occur many
times a day nearly every day or
intermittently throughout a
period of more than 1 year;
and during this period there
should never be a tic-free period
of more than 3 consecutive
months;
the onset should be before age
18 years;
the disturbance should not due
to the direct physiological
effects of a substance
(e.g., stimulants) or a general
medical condition
45. Tics : Management.
• Medication to help control the symptoms and
• Habit reversal training (HRT): a behavioral therapy
• The child and adolescent psychiatrist can also advise the
family about how to provide emotional support and the
appropriate educational environment for the youngster.
46. Tics :
Formulations in the Management contd..
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
haloperidol,
pimozide,
clonidine,
nifedipine are use in low doses.
risperidone,
olazapine
mecamylamine,
tetrabenazine,
Benzodiazepines
baclofen,
botulinum toxin
48. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
• Easily angered, annoyed or irritated
• Frequent temper tantrums
• Argues frequently with adults, particularly the most
familiar adults in their lives, such as parents
• Refuses to obey rules
• Seems to deliberately try to annoy or aggravate
others
• Low self-esteem
• Low frustration threshold
• Seeks to blame others for any misfortunes or
misdeeds.
49. Conduct Disorders
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Frequent refusal to obey parents or other authority figures
Repeated truancy
Tendency to use drugs, including cigarettes and
alcohol, at a very early age
Lack of empathy for others
Aggressive to animals and other people or showing
sadistic behaviours including bullying and physical or
sexual abuse
Keenness to start physical fights & Using weapons
Frequent lying
Criminal behaviour such as stealing, deliberately lighting
fires, breaking into houses and vandalism
A tendency to run away from home
Suicidal tendencies – rarely.
50. Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) Around two to five per cent of children are thought to have
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
with boys outnumbering girls by three to one.
1. Inattention – difficulty concentrating, forgetting
instructions, moving from one task to another without
completing anything.
2. Impulsivity – talking over the top of others, having a
„short fuse‟, being accident-prone.
3. Overactivity – constant restlessness and fidgeting.
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