Downloaded 1,979 times
Uploaded byCSN Vittal
Common Behavior Disorders in Children
A behaviour disorder in a child is defined as behaviour that is noticeably different from what is expected based on the child's environment and community. Behaviour can be affected by factors such as heredity, environment, learning, and conditioning. Behaviour disorders are categorized into habit disorders like thumb sucking and nail biting, emotional disorders like temper tantrums, eating disorders like pica, and others. The document provides details on the causes, characteristics, and management of various behavioural disorders seen in children such as head banging, nail biting, temper tantrums, colic, pica, breath holding spells, school phobia, stuttering, and tics.
In this document
Powered by AI
Defines behaviour disorders and categorizes individuals affected by emotional or behavioral issues.
Highlights hereditary, environmental factors, and learning conditioning affecting child behavior.
Lists habit disorders, emotional disorders, and eating disorders like pica, impacting children's behaviour.
Discussion of repetitive behaviours, including head banging, affecting a child's development.
Explains head banging in infants, its prevalence, and management strategies to ensure safety.
Describes nail biting and thumb sucking – sensory coping mechanisms with parental influences and developmental delays.
Details negative health impacts like malocclusion and other dental issues stemming from these habits.
Outlines management strategies including behavioral methods, positive reinforcement, and mechanical aids.
Examines causes of temper tantrums in children, emphasizing emotional stages and parental responses.
Provides guidance for parents on managing tantrums through communication and behavioral strategies.
Defines evening colic symptoms, typical crying patterns, and stress factors affecting infants.
Explores less understood causes and effective management techniques for parents during colicky episodes.
Explains pica, a feeding disorder in children involving the consumption of non-nutritive substances.
Categorizes different pica behaviors and identifies predisposing factors needing investigation.
Details types of breath holding spells, common triggers such as frustration and the need for calm management.
Suggests practical tips for managing breath holding episodes and ensuring child's safety.
Discusses prevalence of school phobia and differentiating factors compared to truancy in children.
Outlines steps parents should take to support children with school phobia and encourage attendance.
Explains stuttering characteristics and the factors that exacerbate speech difficulties in children.
Advises parents on supporting their children with stammering, highlighting emotional support and professional help.
Describes both motor tics and phonetic tics, their prevalence among children, and stress triggers.
Differentiates between transient and chronic tic disorders, management techniques, and medication options.
Introduces the concept of behavioural disorders that affect children's development and interaction.
Details the characteristics of ODD, including defiance and low frustration thresholds in children.
Explains the severity of conduct disorders with examples of rule-breaking, aggression, and deceit.
Defines ADHD, highlighting prevalence, symptoms such as inattention, impulsivity, and overactivity.
More Related Content
![PRESCHOOL [ELECTIVE HANDOUT]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/presentation2preschool1-110321083207-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Similar to Common Behavior Disorders in Children
Common Behavior Disorders in Children
- 2. Definition A young personis said to have a behaviour disorder when he or she demonstrates behaviour that is noticeably different from that expected in the school or community. A child who is not doing what adults want him to do at a particular time.
- 3. Classification of Individualswith Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
- 4. What can affectBehaviour in a child? • Heredity • Environment • Learning Conditioning • Positive reinforcements
- 5. Categories of BehaviourDisorders:• Habit Disorders (Tension releasing disorders) – – – – Finger (thumb) sucking Nail biting Tics Teeth grinding (Bruxism) • Emotional Disorders – Breath holding spasms – Temper tantrums • Eating Disorders – Pica
- 6. Repetitive Behaviours Repetitive Behaviours RepetitiveBehaviours Repetitive Behaviours Repetitive Behaviours
- 7. Head Banging Rhythmic hittingof the head against a solid surface often the crib mattress. – In 5-20% of children during infancy & toddler years – Benign & self-limiting
- 8. Head banging – Canresult in callus formation, abrasions, contusi ons Treatment: – Assurance – significant injury unlikely – Teach parents to ignore as concern and punishment can reinforce it. – Padding
- 9.
- 10. Finger (Thumb) sucking& Nail Biting • Sensory solace for child (“internal stroking”) to cope with stressful situation in infants and toddlers. • Reinforced by attention from parents. • Predisposing factors: Developmental delay Neglect
- 11. Finger (Thumb) sucking& Nail Biting • Adverse Effects – Malocclusion – open bite – Mastication difficulty – Speech difficulty ( D and T ) – Lisping
- 12. Finger (Thumb) sucking& Nail Biting • Adverse Effects – Paronychia and digital abnormalities
- 13. Finger (Thumb) sucking& Nail Biting Management • Reassure parents that it’s transient. • Most give up by 2 yrs • If continued beyond 4 yrs – number of squelae • If resumed at 7 – 8 yrs : sign of Stress • Improve parental attention / nurturing. • Teach parent to ignore; and give more attention to positive aspects of child’s behavior. • Provide child praise / reward for substitute behaviors. • Bitter salves, thumb splints, gloves may be used to reduce thumb sucking.
- 14. Finger (Thumb) sucking& Nail Biting • Treatment Options: SOLUTION TYPE HOW IT WORKS EXAMPLES Behvioural Depends on child‟s Rewards & willingness to stop punishments, stories Child loses control when sleeping or in subconscious state Aversive Use of pain or discomfort to discourage the habit Creates more stress and pain to child / can even worsen… Mechanical Mechanical Bandages around impediments to the elbows, socks over process the fingers, fabric gloves, etc Restrict movements, can be removed, not hygienic T Guards Remove the pleasure associated by eliminating suction Can not remove, hygienic, do not restrict movement, 95% success rate Applying foul tasting liquids Thumb guards, finger guards HOW IT FAILS
- 15. Finger (Thumb) sucking& Nail Biting • Finger guards / Thumb guards , etc.:
- 16.
- 17. Temper Tantrums • In18 months to 3 yr olds due to development of sense of autonomy. • Child displays defiance, negativism / oppositionalism by having temper tantrums. • Normal part of child development. • Gets reinforced when parents respond to it by punitive anger. • Child wrongly learns that temper tantrums are a reasonable response to frustration.
- 18. Temper Tantrums Precipitating factors • • • • • • • Hunger Fatigue Lackof sleep Innate personality of child Ineffective parental skills Over pampering Dysfunctional family / Family violence • School aversion
- 19. Temper Tantrums – Management •In general, parents advised to: Set a good example to child Pay attention to child Spend quality time Have open communication with child Have consistency in behavior
- 20. Temper Tantrums – Management •During temper tantrum: Parents to ignore child and once child is calm, tell child that such behavior is not acceptable Verbal reprimand should not be abusive Never beat or threaten child Impose “Time Out” - if temper tantrum is disruptive, out of control and occurring in public place.
- 21.
- 22. Evening Colic • Intermittentepisodes of abdominal pain and severe crying in normal infants • Begins at 1-2 wks age and persists till 3-4 mo. • Crying usually in late afternoon or evening • Definition: “ Infant cries for > 3 hrs per day for > 3 days per week for > 3 weeks ”
- 23. Evening Colic Attack • Beginssuddenly with a loud cry • Crying continuous – lasts for several hours – mostly in the late afternoon or evenings • Face becomes red and legs drawn up on the abdomen • Abdomen becomes tense • Attack terminates after exhaustion or after passage of flatus or feces
- 24. Evening Colic Causes • • • More likelyif the child is over active and parents are over anxious Not known Could be a manifestation of …
- 25. Evening Colic Management During Episode –Hold the child erect or prone – Avoid drugs – No much role to antispasmodics, carminatives, simethicone, sup positories or enemas Counseling - Coping with the parents – Reassure the parents that infant is not sick – They need to soothe more with repetitive sound and stimulate less with decrease in picking up and feeding with every cry
- 26.
- 27. Pica Repeated or chronic ingestionof non-nutritive substances. – Examples: mud, paint, clay, plaster, char coal, soil. • Normal in infants and toddlers. • Passing phase. Even Lord Krishna Did it !!!
- 28. Pica Geophagia Eating of mud,soil, clay, chalk, etc. Pagophagia Consumption of ice Hyalophagia Consumption of glass Amylophagia Consumption of starch Xylophagia Consumption of wood Trichophagia Consumption of hair Urophagia Consumption of urine Coprophagia Consumption of feces
- 29. Pica Pica after 2ndyr of life needs investigation • Predisposing factors : Parental neglect Poor supervision Mental retardation Lack of affection Psychological neglect, (orphans) Family disorganization Lower socioeconomic class Autism
- 30. Pica • Screening indicatedfor: Iron deficiency anemia Worm infestations Lead poisoning Family dysfunction • Treat cause accordingly. • Usually remits in childhood but can continue into adolescence
- 31.
- 32. Breath Holding Spasms 1. 2. 3. 4. Simplebreath-holding spell Cyanotic breath-holding spells Pallid breath-holding spells Complicated breath-holding spells Precipitating Factors: • • • • Frustration Injury Anger Anemia
- 33. Breath Holding Spasms Management– General: • No treatment is usually needed • Iron supplements to children with iron deficiency During a spell : • Make sure your child is in a safe place where he or she will not fall or be hurt. • Place a cold cloth on your child's forehead during a spell to help shorten the episode. • After the spell, try to be calm. • Avoid giving too much attention to the child, as this can reinforce the behaviors that led to the event. • Avoid situations that cause a child's temper tantrums.
- 34.
- 35. School Phobia • Approximately1 to 5% of school-aged children have school refusal • Most common in 5- and 6-year olds and in 10- and 11year olds • School refusal differs from truancy (refusal is because of fear or anxiety about school)
- 36. School Phobia What canparents do? 1. Have a physician examine the child to determine if he or she has a legitimate illness. 2. Listen to the child talk about school to detect any clues as to why he or she does not want to go. 3. Talk to the child's teacher, school psychologist, and/or school counselor to share concerns. 4. Together determine a possible cause or causes 5. Develop an appropriate plan of action
- 37. School Phobia • Thegoal is to have the child return to school and attend class daily • However, if the school phobia is extreme, a therapist or psychiatrist's assistance may be necessary.
- 38.
- 39. Stuttering / Stammering •Defect speech • Stumbling and spasmodic repetition of some syllables with pauses • Difficulty in pronouncing consonants • Caused by spasm of lingual and palatal muscles
- 40. Stuttering / Stammering •Usually begins between 2 – 5 yrs • Reminding and ridiculing aggravate • Child loses self confidence and become more hesitant • They can often sing or recite poems without stuttering
- 41. Stuttering / Stammering Management •Parents should be reassured • They should not show undue concern and accept his speech without pressurizing him to repeat • Children should be given emotional support • Older children with secondary stuttering should be referred to speech therapist
- 42. … sudden, repetitive,nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization involving discrete muscle groups 12 to 20% children, peak age 5 -7 yr. Motor Tics or Phonetic Tics Can occur in any body part Decrease when focused Tics More common in boys than in girls Increase when stressed, anxious, fatigued, or bored
- 43. Tics : Commontypes Simple Tics: • Grimacing • Yawning • Grunting • Sighing • Blinking • Wrinkling • Scratching nose • Head jerking • Throat clearing Complex Tics: • Jumping • Spinning • Touching objects or people • Echopraxia: Repeating other‟s actions • Copropraxia: Obscene gestures • Palilalia: Repeating one‟s own words • Echolalia: Repeating what someone else said • Coprolalia: Obscene, inappropriate words
- 44. • Tic Disorders Transient • • Chronic • • Tourette‟s (Gilles dela Tourette syndrome) both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics should have been present at some time during the illness, although not necessarily concurrently; the tics should occur many times a day nearly every day or intermittently throughout a period of more than 1 year; and during this period there should never be a tic-free period of more than 3 consecutive months; the onset should be before age 18 years; the disturbance should not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., stimulants) or a general medical condition
- 45. Tics : Management. •Medication to help control the symptoms and • Habit reversal training (HRT): a behavioral therapy • The child and adolescent psychiatrist can also advise the family about how to provide emotional support and the appropriate educational environment for the youngster.
- 46. Tics : Formulations inthe Management contd.. • • • • • • • • • • • haloperidol, pimozide, clonidine, nifedipine are use in low doses. risperidone, olazapine mecamylamine, tetrabenazine, Benzodiazepines baclofen, botulinum toxin
- 47.
- 48. Oppositional defiant disorder(ODD) • Easily angered, annoyed or irritated • Frequent temper tantrums • Argues frequently with adults, particularly the most familiar adults in their lives, such as parents • Refuses to obey rules • Seems to deliberately try to annoy or aggravate others • Low self-esteem • Low frustration threshold • Seeks to blame others for any misfortunes or misdeeds.
- 49. Conduct Disorders • • • • • • • • • • Frequent refusalto obey parents or other authority figures Repeated truancy Tendency to use drugs, including cigarettes and alcohol, at a very early age Lack of empathy for others Aggressive to animals and other people or showing sadistic behaviours including bullying and physical or sexual abuse Keenness to start physical fights & Using weapons Frequent lying Criminal behaviour such as stealing, deliberately lighting fires, breaking into houses and vandalism A tendency to run away from home Suicidal tendencies – rarely.
- 50. Attention Deficit hyperactivitydisorder (ADHD) Around two to five per cent of children are thought to have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with boys outnumbering girls by three to one. 1. Inattention – difficulty concentrating, forgetting instructions, moving from one task to another without completing anything. 2. Impulsivity – talking over the top of others, having a „short fuse‟, being accident-prone. 3. Overactivity – constant restlessness and fidgeting. LOGO
- 51.