This document summarizes various pathologies that can affect the cornea. It describes the cornea as avascular and discusses inflammatory processes like keratitis that can cause pain, photophobia, edema and cellular reactions. Specific inflammatory diseases covered include central and peripheral keratitis. Congenital abnormalities affecting the cornea's size, curvature and opacity are also outlined. Complications from ulcerative keratitis and degenerative conditions like dystrophies of the epithelial, stromal and endothelial layers are summarized in their progressive stages. The document provides an overview of infectious, inflammatory, degenerative and hereditary conditions that impact the structure and function of the cornea.

1. PATHOLOGY OF CORNEA
OPTOM FASLU MUHAMMED

2.  Cornea-avascular
 Inflammatory process-extension of the
conjunctival or uveal Inflammation.
 Symptoms-pain,photophobia.
 Signs-oedema with mild cellular
reactions.

3. INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
 KERATITIS
central
peripheral
 Superficial deep

4. CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES
 INCLUDES:size,curvature,altrations
and congenital oppacity.
 Micro cornea:
 Megalo cornea:
 Corneal plana:
 Keratoconus

5.  CONGENITAL CORNEAL
OPPACITIES
CENTRAL
PERIPHERAL
 Peter’s anomaly juvanile
arcus senillis
 Posterior keratoconus

6. Ulcerative keratitis
 Commonest form of keratitis
 Bacterial , fungal or viral in aetiology
 Described in three stages
 Progressive stage
 Regressive stage
 Healing stage

7.  Progressive stage-oedeme with
migration of polymorph to the area of
site
 Regressive stage – demolition with the
development of a disticnt line of
demarcation
 Healing stage- keratocytes and
fibroblast , migrating from the limbus
along with blood vessels , lay down
collagen and produce the groud

8. COMPLICATIONS
Hypopyon-in bacterial ulcer , it results
from irritants and toxins that cross the
descemet’s membrane
Descemetocoele - there is a significant
stromal loss due to necrosis , the thin
descemet;s membrane cannot withstand
iop and protrudes forewards

9. Retrocorneal abscess – extention of
reactions
 Neutrophillic aggregrates
 Oedema-encounters in all disease that
effects endithelium
 Accomponies both infective and non
infective
 Varies with severity of the process

10. DEGENERATION
 Superficial deep

11. SUPERFICIAL
 Mainly in epithelial layers
 XEROPHTHALMIA – Dryness of
conjuctivaand cornea due to
excessive keratinisation

12. DEEP- Corneal complicaton of retinal
deficiency
 Dry eye- watering eye is
nuicense,while dry eye is a potential
threat to vision

13. DYSTROPHIES
 Bilateral primary corneal disorder
 Epithelial
 Bowman’s
 Stromal
 endothelial

14. EPITHELIAL –epithelial cysts may be
present
ANTERIOR MEMBRANE
DYSTROPHY –Known as reis-
buckler’s dystrophy is na autosomal
domonant disorder
STROMAL
GRANULAR DYSTROPHY-
EOSINOPHILIC DEPOSITS
OCCUPYING DIFFERENT ZONES

15.  MACULAR DYSTROPHY-This stromal
dystrophy is an autosomal recessive
lession characterised by diffuse
corneal oedema with whitish cloudy
deposits in the stroma
 Lattice dystrophy – is primary
amylodosis of cornea

16.  Endothelial- fuch’s dystrophy fuch’s
endothelial dystrophy-thickning of
descemets membrane with variable
loss of endothelial cells
 Congenital heriditary endothelial
dystrophy
 keratoconus

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