The document describes 5 types of congenital corneal anomalies: 1) Microcornea, which is a very rare hereditary condition where the corneal diameter is 10mm or less. It can be associated with glaucoma, cataract, cornea plana and iris abnormalities. 2) Megalocornea, which is a rare hereditary condition where the corneal diameter is 13mm or more, causing high myopia and astigmatism. It has been associated with Marfan, Apert and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. 3) Sclerocornea, a very rare usually bilateral condition where the peripheral cornea becomes opaque and vascularized, making the cornea appear smaller. 4) Cornea

1. 1. Microcornea
2. Megalocornea
3. Sclerocornea
4. Cornea plana
5. Keratectasia
CONGENITAL CORNEAL ANOMALIES

2. Microcornea
• Very rare, hereditary, unilateral or bilateral
• Corneal diameter is 10 mm or less
• Shallow anterior chamber but other dimensions are normal
Associated systemic syndromes
Turner, Ehlers-Danlos, Weill-Marchesani and
Waardenburg
Ocular associations
Glaucoma, cataract, cornea plana, leukoma and iris
abnormalities

3. Megalocornea
• Renal carcinoma and
mental handicap
Systemic associations
• Marfan, Apert,
Ehlers-Danlos and
Down syndromes
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Very rare, hereditary,
bilateral
• Corneal diameter 13 mm
or more
• Very deep anterior
chamber
• High myopia and
astigmatism
• Occasionally lens
subluxation

4. Sclerocornea
• Very rare, usually bilateral
• Peripheral opacification and vascularization of cornea
• ‘Scleralization’ makes cornea appear smaller

5. Cornea plana
• Very rare, bilateral severe decrease in corneal curvature
• Hypermetropia and shallow anterior chamber
Ocular associations
Glaucoma, microcornea, microphthalmos and Peters
anomaly

6. Keratectasia
• Very rare, usually unilateral
• Severe corneal opacification and protruberance
• Probably caused by intrauterine keratitis

7. Keratectasia
• Very rare, usually unilateral
• Severe corneal opacification and protruberance
• Probably caused by intrauterine keratitis