A paper battery is described that combines carbon nanotubes with paper to create a flexible energy storage device. It functions similar to both a battery and supercapacitor. Compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries, paper batteries are thinner, lighter, lower cost and can be recharged much faster. They work by facilitating the flow of lithium ions between carbon nanotube electrodes during charging and discharging. Potential applications include powering electronics, medical devices and as a more sustainable battery alternative.

1. PAPER BATTERY
Submitted by :
Dikhil Lal N.P
Roll no. 20
Reg no. 17080590

2. WHAT IS PAPER BATTERY
• A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and production
device formed by combining carbon nanotube with a conventional
sheet of cellulose-based paper.
• A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery and super- capacitor,
combining two components that are separate in traditional electronics.

3. GENERAL Li-ION BATTERY
• Generally Li-ion re-chargeable batteries are used in mobiles,laptops
and most of the electronic devices.
• 3 primary functional component of Li-ion battery are:
• 1. -ve electrode(graphite)
• 2. +ve electrode(cobalt oxide)
• 3.electrolyte( lithium salt in organic solvent)

4. • During discharge and charging, lithium ions Li+ carry the current from
the negative to the positive electrode and vice-versa respectively,
through the non-aqueous electrolyte

5. DISADVANTAGES OF Li-Ion
• Expansive -- 40% more than NiCd.
• Delicate -- battery temp must be monitored from within (which raises
the price), and sealed particularly well.
• Regulations -- when shipping Li-Ion batteries in bulk (which also
raises the price).

6. WORKING CONVENTIONAL BATTERY
Vs PAPER BATTERY
• Conventional Battery produce electrons through a chemical reaction
between electrolyte and metal.
• Chemical reaction in Paper Battery is between electrolyte and carbon
nano-tubes. Electrons must flow from negative to positive terminal for
the chemical reaction.

7. • The Paper electrode stores charge while recharging in 10 seconds
because ions flow through the thin electrode quicklyConventional
Battery produce electrons through a chemical reaction between
electrolyte and metal.
• Chemical reaction in Paper Battery is between electrolyte and carbon
nano-tubes. Electrons must flow from negative to positive terminal for
the chemical reaction.
• The Paper electrode stores charge while recharging in 10 seconds
because ions flow through the thin electrode quickly.

8. PROCESS OF PREPERING PAPER
BATTERY
• First black carbon ink is applied on a cellulose based paper.
• Black carbon ink is being spread on the paper.
• It is heated so that the carbon nano tubes get attached to the paper.
• Peal it off.
• Connect LED on both the ends…and check it.

9. WHY TO USE PAPER BATTERY?
• Ultra-thin size & flexible structure.
• Exhibits property of super-capacitor(22F-36F pergram)
• Operating temper ature(-75 to 100 degree celsius)
• provide both long-term, steady power production andbursts of energy.
• Cost-effective.

10. CONSTRUCTION OF PAPER BATTERY
• CNT thin films were coated onto stainless steel (SS) substrates with a
solution based process.
• The concentration of CNT is 1.7 mg/mL.
• A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometer wasformed after drying
the CNT ink on the SS substrate at 80 °C for 5 min.This film is then
peeled off from substrate.

11. • These films act as electrodes of paper battery.one film is pasted to
electrolyte LTO (Li4Ti5O12) andthe other film is pasted to electrolyte
LCO (LiCoO2).
• Paper is sandwiched between two electrolytes LTO
• and LCO with PVDF(poly vinylidene fluoride) .

12. STRUCTURE OF PAPER BATTERY
Fig.1 Structure of Paper Battery

13. MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF LAYERS
Fig.2 Microscopic View of Layers

14. WORKING OF PAPER BATTERY
• Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between
electrolyte and metal in the traditional battery.
• Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between electrolyte and
carbon nanotubes.
• Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow
along a connected wire to the positive terminal.

15. • Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for the
chemical reaction to continue.

16. CARBON NANO TUBES
• A carbon nanotube is a tube-shaped material, made of carbon, having a
diameter measuring on the nanometer scale.
• A nanometer is one billionth of the meter or about one ten-thousandth
the thickness of the human hair.
• The graphite layer appears somewhat like a rolled-up chicken wire
with a continuous unbroken hexagonal mesh and carbon molecules at
the apexes of the hexagons.

17. • Carbon Nanotubes have many structures, differing in length,
thickness, and in the type of helicity and number of layers.
• Although they are formed from essentially the same graphite sheet,
their electrical characteristics differ depending on these variations,
acting either as metals or as semiconductors.
• Because of the symmetry and unique electronic structure of graphene,
the structure of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical properties

18. Fig.3 Spinning Carbon Nano tube

19. CHARACTERISATION
Fig.4 Characterization of Carbon Nanotube

20. Fig.5 Multi –wall carbon nano tube (MWCNT)

21. APPLICATIONS
• Cosmetics
• RFID Tag
• Medical care
• Micro processor
• Functional cards
• Thin display

22. Fig.6 Applications

23. ADVANTAGES
• The flexible battery can function even if it is rolled up, folded or cut.
• We can get 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the size of a postage
stamp.
• If we stack 500 sheets together in a ream, that's 500 times the voltage.
If we rip the paper in half we cut power by 50%. So we can control the
power and voltage issue.

24. • Because the battery consists mainly of paper and carbon, it could be
used to power pacemakers within the body where conventional
batteries pose a toxic threat.

25. DISADVANTAGES
• Carbon ano tubes are very expansive.
• Batteries with large enough power are unlikely to be cost effective.
• For commercial viabilities, these batteries have to be scaled upto Sheets
of news paper size.
• Replacing old batteries results wastage of old electronic goods
Generation of E-Waste Should not be inhaled as they can damage lungs

26. CONCLUSION
• Lithium-ion batteries with CNT-microfiber paper-based current
collectors have been developed.
• The capacities are comparable with traditional batteries.
• It has a wide range of electronics applications as they provide
flexibility, lightweight, and high capacity features.

27. REFERENCE
• 1] L. Hu, J. W. Choi, Y. Yang, S. Jeong, F. La Mantia, F. Cui, and Y.
Cui, “Highly conductive paper for energy-storage devices,” Proc. Nat.
Academy Sci., vol. 106, pp. 21490–21494, 2009.
• [2] L.Hu,H.Wu,F. LaMantia,Y.Yang,andY.Cui,“Thin,flexiblesecondary
Li-ion paper batteries,” ACS Nano, vol. 4, pp. 5843–5848, 2010.

28. • [3]S.Stewart,P.Albertus,V.Srinivasan,I.Plitz,N.Pereira,G.Amatucci,and
J.Newman,“Optimizingthe performance of lithium titanate spinel
paired with activated carbon or iron phosphate,” J. Electrochem. Soc.,
vol. 155, pp. A253–A261, 2008.
• [4] L. Hu, D. S. Hecht, and G. Gruner, “Percolation in transparent and
conducting carbon nanotube networks,” Nano Lett., vol. 4, pp. 2513–
2517, 2004.

29. THANK YOU