innovative thought

2. WHAT IS A PAPER BATTERY?
A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and
production device formed by combining carbon nanotube with
a conventional sheet of cellulose-based paper.
A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery and super-capacitor
, combining two components that are separate in
traditional electronics .

3. GENERAL Li-ION BATTERY
 Generally Li-ion re-chargeable batteries are used in
mobiles,laptops and most of the electronic devices.
 3 primary functional component of Li-ion battery are:
1. -ve electrode(graphite)
2. +ve electrode(cobalt oxide)
3.electrolyte( lithium salt in organic solvent)
 During discharge and charging, lithium ions Li+ carry
the current from the negative to the positive
electrode and vice-versa respectively, through the
non-aqueous electrolyte .

4. Disadvantages of Li-Ion
• EXPENSIVE -- 40% more than NiCd.
• DELICATE -- battery temp must be
monitored from within (which raises the
price), and sealed particularly well.
• REGULATIONS -- when shipping Li-Ion
batteries in bulk (which also raises the
price).
Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous material

5. WHY TO USE PAPER BATTERY?
 Ultra-thin size & flexible structure.
 Exhibits property of super-capacitor(22F-36F per gram)
 Operating temper ature(-75 to 100 degree celsius)
 provide both long-term, steady power production and
bursts of energy.
 Cost-effective.

6. CARBON NANOTUBES
 Carbon nanotube is the main concept behind paper battery
 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs; also known as buckytubes)
are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. Allotropes
are different structural modifications of an element
 CNTs exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties,
and are efficient thermal conductors.
 Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family. The
diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers Their
name is derived from their long, hollow structure with the walls formed
by one-atom-thick sheets of carbon, called graphene. These sheets are
rolled at specific and discrete angles, and the combination of the
rolling angle and radius decides the nanotube properties

7. Graphene structure
Rolled at angle
CARBON NANOTUBE
Spinning Carbon Nanotube

8. CONSTRUCTION OF PAPER BATTERY
 CNT thin films were coated onto stainless steel (SS)
substrates with a solution based process.
 The concentration of CNT is 1.7 mg/mL.
 A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometer was formed
after drying the CNT ink on the SS substrate at 80 °C for 5
min.This film is then peeled off from substrate.
 These films act as electrodes of paper battery.
 one film is pasted to electrolyte LTO (Li4Ti5O12) and the
other film is pasted to electrolyte LCO (LiCoO2).
 Paper is sandwiched between two electrolytes LTO and
LCO with PVDF(poly vinylidene fluoride) acting as glue.

9. CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

10. MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF LAYERS

11. STRUCTURE OF PAPER BATTERY

12. WORKING
1.While a conventional battery contains a number of separate components,
the paper battery integrates all of the battery components in a single
structure, making it more energy efficient.
2.Traditional Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between
electrolyte and metal.
3.paper battery produces electrons due to the interaction of electrolytes LTO &
LCO.
4. Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along a
connected wire to the positive terminal during discharging.
5. Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for the
chemical reaction to continue.

13. ADVANTAGES
• The flexible battery can function even if it is rolled up,
folded or cut.
•We can get 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the
size of a postage stamp.
• "If we stack 500 sheets together in a ream, that's 500
times the voltage. If we rip the paper in half we cut power
by 50%. So we can control the power and voltage issue."
• Because the battery consists mainly of paper and
carbon, it could be used to power pacemakers within the
body where conventional batteries pose a toxic threat.

14. APPLICATIONS

15. Paper battery offers future power
The black piece of paper can power a small light.
 Flexible paper batteries could meet the energy demands of
the next generation of gadgets.
The ambition is to produce reams of paper that could one day
power a car.
The paper battery was a glimpse into the future of power
storage.