This document discusses different aspects of communication, language attitudes, and language varieties. It explains that communication is enhanced through paralinguistic features like intonation and gestures as well as non-linguistic messages. It also discusses that while some may believe some languages or dialects are better than others, linguists agree that all languages are equally capable of expression. The document outlines some language varieties like dialects, pidgins and creoles, registers, and slang and how they differ. It provides examples of each to illustrate the concepts.

1. Other aspects of
communication

2. Communication
is enhanced by
paralinguistic
(“beyond
language”) and non
linguistic message.

3. Intonation, st
ress, rate of
speech, and
pauses and
hesitation.
Non linguistic
Paralinguistic
Example
gesture,
facial
expression,
and body
language.

4. Language Attitudes

5. Are some
languages
better
than
others?

6. One prevalent attitude
is that some languages
or varieties of language
are more correct or
better than others.

7. Example of answering
the phone with
varieties of language
of the Spanish.

8. Argentina pick up
the phone and
says “allo” (hello)
Latin pick up the
receiver and say
“diga” (speak)
Mexican say
“bueno” (good or
well)

9. None of these responses is
better than any other.
Depending on where you are,
there are many appropriate
ways to answer the phone in
Spanish.

10. Are some
language
more
expressive
than others?

11. this bias is that
some languages are
less logical than
others. while all
languages may be
inherently capable
of serving all
purpose human
may ask of
them, specific
language evolve
differently through
processes of
variation, adaptatio
n, and selection.” Mariel Saville-Troike

12. Some
languages
barrow to
meet
expanding
technologi
cal needs.

13. • Example of barrowed language
English
Hebrew
• telephone
• telephone

14. Neologism

15. by adding
suffixes and
prefixes.
• Solvable (solve), lemonade
(lemon), formalism (formal).
• Asap (as soon as possible), modem
(modulator-demodulator), laser (light
amplification by stimulated emission of
By making
radiation).
acronyms
By blending,
shorten or clip
words
• Flu (influenza), exam (examination), fax
(facsimile), photo (photograph), Motel (motor
and hotel).

16. Linguists agree that all
language are
linguistically equal
and that every
language is equally
capable of expressing
whatever its speaker
need to communicate.

17. Language varieties
standard
dialect
Pidgins and
creoles
register
But it is
slang?

18. •Standard
It is commonly assumed that
there are standard , fixed
and correct form of a
language against which we
The term standard is
can measure a given sample
elusive precisely
of that language.
because it has its roots
in politics rather than in
any basics truth about

19. •Dialect
Dialects are
variation of a
language used by
particular groups of
people.

20. Example
Water pistol on
the east coast
of the united
states is a
squirt gun on
the west coast.
In Spanish, a
peach is
melocotón in
Puerto Rico
and Durazno in
Mexico.

21. Pidgins and Creoles

22. Pidgins
Sometimes language in contact
produce pidgins. This happens
when speakers of two different
languages, compelled to talk to
each other, develop a barebones code for communication.

23. Creoles
Pidgin become creoles when
new generation learns about it.

24. Pidgin
• Limited and
simplified
language.
Creole
• More
complex
and
elaborate
than
pidgins
which they
evolve.

25. good nyews bout Jedus Christ wa Luke 2:10.
bot da angel tell um say,”mus don’t
feah!ahabe good nyews. Cause ob dis
nyews, oona gwine rejoice. All de people
gwine rejaice tommuch.
Luke 2:10
And the angel said unto
them, fear not: for, behold, I
bring you good tidings of great
joy, which shall be to all people.

26. Register
People use different
varieties of language,
depending on the setting,
relationship, between
speakers, and function of
the interaction.
A register is a
situationally
appropriate form of
language.

27. But it is Slang?
The word slang
is commonly
used to refer,
somewhat
pejoratively, to
non-standard
speech.

28. Example
Dork, jerk
idiot, and
moron.