Oral language assessment evaluates students' communication abilities. It examines how students use language both for basic interactions and academic purposes in various contexts like small group work, presentations, and classroom activities. Effective oral language assessment considers students' use of language functions to express meaning using communicative and academic language. It also plans assessments from the start of a unit to motivate students and recognize their accomplishments. Both informal observations and formal assessments throughout the year provide information on students' developing oral language skills, which form the basis for early literacy instruction.