Communicative language teaching must be intercultural. Cross-cultural
communication is not new: as long as people from different cultures have been
encountering one another there has been cross-cultural communication. Nowadays,
however, the growing globalisation of the world’s economic markets, increased
travel opportunities and better communication facilities have created a situation
in which people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds need to
communicate with each other more often than ever. Although communication
across cultures has become very important in our age, only a few English teachers are aware of the fact that their task is not only to teach English, but they also have to increase their students’ cross-curricular awareness. The teachers of English as a
foreign language have to teach language with a strong wish of education
changing their students’ attitude towards different cultures and different nations.
THIS IS A METHOD OF APPLIED LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODS. IT HAS BOTH MANY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. WE WORKED ON HARDLY WITH MY GROUP. HOPE IT WILL BE USEFUL FOR EVERYONE.
An attempt at presenting Krashen's input hypothesis in language learning by students of PBET 2113 Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya. Primary source: Brown, H. Douglas. 2007. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 5th Edition. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education. Chapter 10.
References
Webb, S. (2007). Learning word pairs and glossed sentences: The effects of a single context on vocabulary knowledge. Language Teaching Research, 11, 63-81.
http://leoxicon.blogspot.com/2013/05/context-or-co-text.html
THIS IS A METHOD OF APPLIED LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODS. IT HAS BOTH MANY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. WE WORKED ON HARDLY WITH MY GROUP. HOPE IT WILL BE USEFUL FOR EVERYONE.
An attempt at presenting Krashen's input hypothesis in language learning by students of PBET 2113 Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya. Primary source: Brown, H. Douglas. 2007. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 5th Edition. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education. Chapter 10.
References
Webb, S. (2007). Learning word pairs and glossed sentences: The effects of a single context on vocabulary knowledge. Language Teaching Research, 11, 63-81.
http://leoxicon.blogspot.com/2013/05/context-or-co-text.html
Nowadays, teaching languages has evolved more than ever. This has been the result of many
researches that aimed at simplifying the job of educators and the task of learning. Therefore, in this globalized
world there has been an urgent need to see how language can be taught without threatening the native culture.
In this respects scholars have haggled to find techniques that can help students develop their cultural
awareness. Besides being culturally aware it has been of a great importance to see how language and culture
can mingle in a smooth way so that students can be able to think locally (respect their native culture) but work
globally in a way thatenables them to see both the positive and negative aspects of cultural differences. They
construct their own standpoint by becoming tolerant towards the foreign culture and sovereign to their own.
The Importance of Culture in Second and Foreign Language Learning.Bahram Kazemian
English has been designated as a source of intercultural communication among the people from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. A range of linguistic and cultural theories contribute meaningful insights on the development of competence in intercultural communication. The speculations suggest the use of communicative strategies focusing on the development of learners’ efficiency in communicating language through cultural context. However, the teaching of culture in communication has not been paid due importance in a number of academic and language settings of Pakistan and Iran. This assignment study indicates problems in view of teaching English as a medium of instruction in public sector colleges of interior Sindh, Pakistan and prescribed textbooks in Iranian schools. It also aims to identify drawbacks and shortcoming in prescribed textbooks for intermediate students at college level and schools. Therefore, the assignment study recommends integration of cultural awareness into a language teaching programme for an overall achievement of competence in intercultural communication.
Assessment for cultural learning in contexts for students learning. By an interchange for minimun needs. Indeed this can enhange your qualifications in social studies habilities in language. By Vielka Reece D.
Semantics is the study of the meaning of meaningful units.
Semantics is concerned with cognitive meaning.
Cognitive meaning is the contribution that the word (lexeme) systematically makes to the cognitive meaning of sentences.
The cognitive meaning of lexeme is sometimes called sense.
Traditional Grammar was in the 19th century that historical language study began to meet the criteria of scientificness and only in the 20th century that the study of contemporary languages became scientific in today’s sense of the word.
Evaluating a dictionary: is the process of judging or calculating the quality, importance, amount, or value of dictionary : Evaluation of this new treatment cannot take place until all the data has been collected.
Lexicographers don’t decide which words are proper, they struggle with words like love.
They certainly have a favorite word.
Internet makes lexicographers life easier.
It took almost fifty years to create the first Oxford English dictionary.
Sample sentences from dictionaries can make interesting short stories.
The longest word in the dictionary is the name of a lung disease “pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis”
A murder was a contributor to the first oxford English dictionary “ William Chester Minor”
The dictionary included a fake word for five years “dord”
The use of language is is the inherent capability of native speakers to understand and form grammatical sentences. A language is a set of (finite or infinite) sentences, each finite length constructed out of a limited set of elements.
A sentence is a set of words that complete in itself , and generally contains a subject and a main verb.
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb.
Independent clause can stand alone as a sentence.
Dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence.
A dictionary is a resource for word information. The book is about language. The encyclopedia is its closest relative, but this book is about things, people, places, and ideas; it is not a book on language. It might be challenging to distinguish between a dictionary and an encyclopedia because the two frequently share features. However, they do not have the same headword list—something you would be hard-pressed to find in an encyclopedia—and they do not share the same definitions for the headwords they do share.
How can varieties in English differ from one another?
1) Phonological variation.2)Lexical variation.3)Morphological variation.4)Syntactic variation.5)Pragmatic variation.
Phonetics: is the branch of linguistics that deals with how to human speech sounds are made . علم الصوتيات أحد الفروع الأساسية في اللغة الإنجليزية لمعرفة طرق خروج الأصوات من شخص لآخر.It describes how physical expressions of human speech sounds are produced.
علم الصوتيات يشرح طريقة إنتاج التعبيرات الجسدية لأصوات البشر”.Phonetic units are called phones.“يطلق على الصوتيات اسم الهواتف”As we know that phonetic symbols are enclosed in square brackets.“تكون الرموز الصوتية بداخل أقواس مربعة”.
Reliability refers to the consistency with which a test can be scored, that is, consistency from person to person, time to time or place to place .It means that tests are to be constructed, administered and scored in such a way that the scores obtained on a test on a particular occasion are likely to be very similar to those which would have been obtained if it had been administered with the same students with the same ability, but at a different time
The use of correction codes by the teacher instead of giving full correction is a widespread practice, the rationale behind it is that it encourages students to think about their writing and correct themselves.
The teacher also can ask students to exchange their pieces of written work and discuss them in groups so that they can correct each other’s errors.
Definitions
Assessment and evaluation
Forms of Assessments
Measurements
Tests
Criteria of good tests (validity & Reliability)
Reliability of scoring
The relationship of validity and reliability
The relationship between teaching and testing
practicality
Test types (aptitude, placement, achievement, progress, diagnostic & proficiency)
Concepts of proficiency
Test of Grammar and usage
The most common task types .
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1. CULTURE IN TEACHING ENGLISH
Applied Linguistics
Presented to : Dr. Khaleel Bataineh
By : Rawan Abu Salimeh
Department of English Language and Translation
2. CULTURE IN TEACHING ENGLISH
Communicative language teaching must be intercultural. Cross-cultural
communication is not new: as long as people from different cultures have been
encountering one another there has been cross-cultural communication.
Nowadays,
however, the growing globalisation of the world’s economic markets, increased
travel opportunities and better communication facilities have created a
situation
in which people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds need to
communicate with each other more often than ever. Although communication
across cultures has become very important in our age, only a few English
teachers are aware of the fact that their task is not only to teach English, but
they also have to increase their students’ cross-curricular awareness. The
teachers of English as a
foreign language have to teach language with a strong wish of education
changing their students’ attitude towards different cultures and different
nations.
3. THE DEFINITION OF CULTURE
1. The cultivation of soil .
2. The training of mind.
3. The totality of socially transmitted behavior
patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions and all other
products of human work and thought.
4. Ways of behavior of a given people.
5. Culture with capital ‘C’ mean formal culture or
achievement culture consisting of literature, fine
arts, music, architecture, etc.
6. culture with ‘small c’ means way of life culture or
behavior culture containing patterns of daily living,
attitudes and values.
4. Hammerly (2001) has designed a scheme in
:
which
there are three categories of culture
1 - Information or factual culture, which refers to
informational facts that an average native speaker
would know about his society, such as geographical
or historical facts.
2 - behavioral culture ,which refers to actual behavior,
such as conversational formulas.
which Hammerly believes is the most essential for
foreign language learning.
3 - Achievement or accomplishment culture, refers to
artistic and literary accomplishments related to
the particular target language group.
5. If we look at the definitions cited above, we can see
that culture, on the one hand is what people
created or achieved: art, music, literature, history
and on the other hand it means the way we develop
for our percept, by which we mean our
belief, value, attitude system, our world view and our
social organizations. This second category had
stronger influence on the former one since our
value- and attitude system, the way we see the
world around us shapes our creation.
6. THE DOMAINS OF CULTURE
While teaching our students culture we have to deal with
the three
(
which are essential and equally
important
)
domains of culture:
1- The cognitive domain :aims to give information about
other cultures and the learners’ relation to them. We
regard
it as necessary not only to refer to the countries where the
target language is spoken but to include also other
cultures
2- The pragmatic domain :aims the acquisition of the
practical skills needed for intercultural communication.
3- The attitudinal domain: aims to develop attitudes such
as open-mindedness, respect and tolerance and to
avoid stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination.
7. WHAT CULTURE DO WE TEACH?
Whenever civilization is included in school curricula in
Europe and North America only ‘big C’ elements of
British and American culture are emphasized.
These courses contain a lot of pieces of information and
facts about history, geography, institutions, literature, art
and music.
We have to recognize that the subject itself has
broadened. ‘Big C’ (achievement culture) remains as it
was, but little ‘c’ (behavior culture) has been broadened
to include culturally-influenced beliefs and perceptions,
especially as expressed through language, but also
through
cultural behaviors that affect acceptability in the host
community.
9. THE IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING ACHIEVEMENT
CULTURE (‘BIG C’)
Language is a means of multicultural education,
which is part of global education and as
holistic approach is the characteristic feature of
communicative language teaching, it is very
important for language teachers to develop the
students’ personalities, their global, factual
knowledge about the target culture.
10. THE OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING ACHIEVEMENT
CULTURE
The objectives of teaching ‘big C’ are classified to its
basic fields, which are the following:
1. Recognize and explain major geographical
monuments.
2. Recognize and explain major historical events.
3. Recognize and explain major institutions (political,
administrative, religious, etc.)
4. Recognize and explain major ‘artistic monuments’
(architecture, arts, literature, etc.)
11. GOALS OF TEACHING CULTURE
1. to help students to develop an understanding of the fact that all people
exhibit culturally-conditioned behaviours,
2. to help students to develop an understanding that social variables such as
age, sex, social class, and place of residence influence the ways in which people
speak and behave,
3. to help students to become more aware of conventional behaviour in
common situations in the target culture,
4. to help students to increase their awareness of the cultural connotations of
words and phrases in the target language
5. to help students to develop the ability to evaluate and refine generalizations
about the target culture, in terms of supporting evidence,
6. to help students to develop the necessary skills to locate and organize
information about the target culture,
7. to stimulate students’ intellectual curiosity about the target culture, and to
encourage empathy towards its people.
12. We recommend that you keep these seven goals of cultural
instruction in mind as you do your lesson planning, and
that you incorporate them into the following practical
teaching principles:
1. Access the culture through the language being taught.
2. Make the study of cultural behaviors an integral part of each
lesson.
3. Aim for students to achieve the socioeconomic competence
which they feel they need.
4. Aim for all levels to achieve cross-cultural understanding
awareness of their own culture, as well as that of the target
language.
5. Recognize that not all teaching about culture implies behavior
change, but merely an awareness and tolerance of the cultural
influences affecting one’s own and others’ behavior.
13. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENDING
Source: Sárosdy, Bencze, Poór and Vadnay. 2006. Applied Linguistics I for BA Students in English.