This document discusses issues related to materials used in English language teaching (ELT). It notes that commercial materials play a central role in most language instruction worldwide. While many publications on materials focus on design and development, the field remains under-researched. Course books in particular are still ubiquitous globally, though they have disadvantages like not meeting local needs and contexts. The document also discusses debates around global versus local materials, how teachers adapt to curriculum changes, and the impact of technology on ELT materials.
Materials development stands as a crucial domain within ELT (English Language Teaching). For individuals aspiring to enhance and advance their English skills, the utilization of appropriate materials becomes imperative. Enclosed is a PowerPoint (PPT) file, the culmination of my comprehensive research on this subject, offering a historical overview of Materials development to aid your learning journey.
Materials development stands as a crucial domain within ELT (English Language Teaching). For individuals aspiring to enhance and advance their English skills, the utilization of appropriate materials becomes imperative. Enclosed is a PowerPoint (PPT) file, the culmination of my comprehensive research on this subject, offering a historical overview of Materials development to aid your learning journey.
This is a sample syllabus for English for Specific Purposes which focuses on English for Secretaries. This syllabus aims to develop the students/ language skills in English, while at the same time focusing on the central need of the secretary— to receive and to transmit information precisely and efficiently. It also aims to equip the students with the English language skills needed to perform secretaries’ communicative tasks at the workplace.
This is a sample syllabus for English for Specific Purposes which focuses on English for Secretaries. This syllabus aims to develop the students/ language skills in English, while at the same time focusing on the central need of the secretary— to receive and to transmit information precisely and efficiently. It also aims to equip the students with the English language skills needed to perform secretaries’ communicative tasks at the workplace.
Guidelines for Designing Effective Language Teaching MaterialsRonald Suplido Jr
Paper by: Jocelyn Howard & Jae Major of Christchurch College of Education
Abstract:
There are many reasons why English language teachers may choose to construct their own teaching materials, despite the availaility of commercially produced materials. This paper presents some of these reasons by examining advantages and disadvantages of teacher-produced materials. The authors also suggest factors that teachers should take into account when designing or adapting materials for diverse learners, and present a set of guidelines for designing effective materials for teaching and learning English.
Part of a full series of ppts on curriculum development available on EFL Classroom - https://community.eflclassroom.com/forum2/topics/elt-curriculum-development
This is the presentation slides from Group 6 for Resource-based Learning Materials Development subject under the topic of Integrated Skills, Groupwork, Pairwork, and the implementation of those in Resource-based Learning context. The group members consist of: Banatul Murtafi'ah, Andyani Larasati, and Fitri Hidayati from Class A.
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
Material development in elt current issues
1. Materials in ELT:
Current Issues
Sue Garton and Kathleen Graves
Present by:
Siti Solehatun
Herlyna Hutapea
Reny Kristina Malik
2. Overview
Materials in ELT play a central role in language learning
and teaching.
Richards (2001: 251) notes ‘Much of the language teaching
that occurs throughout the world today could not take
place without the extensive use of commercial materials.’
Tomlinson (2012) identifies the early nineties as the
decade in which serious attention began to be shown
towards materials development.
3. Overview
Two important things about the majority of these
publications, are:
1. the field is generally under-researched, many of the books
published are ‘how to’ books, with advice for teachers but
they are not based on research studies into materials.
2. the majority of previous publications focus primarily on
certain aspects of ELT materials. Thus we find books and
chapters on materials design and development.
4. The Course
Book
Uses the term materials to include texts in all forms
(paper, audio, video) and language learning tasks, with the
expressed intention of including everything from teacher
handouts to global course-books.
The course-book is still ubiquitous and plays a
fundamental role in ELT around the world.
5. The Global Coursebook
The advantages:
1. It gives structure to lessons and to a course.
2. It saves time – teachers are too busy to prepare their own materials.
3. It gives a sense of security – teachers feel they know what they are
doing.
4. It promotes autonomy as learners can use and refer to it outside the
classroom.
5. It is reliable as it is written by experts and published by well-known
publishers.
6. It gives a sense of professionalism in the way it is presented.
7. It offers different perspectives as it focuses on different cultures and
different places.
6. The Global Coursebook
The disadvantages:
1. It cannot meet the needs of a particular group of learners.
2. The language taught might not be appropriate.
3. It might not be culturally appropriate.
4. It is outdated.
5. It is not authentic.
6. It is not representative of the local context.
7. It takes away the teacher’s creativity.
7. The Global Course-book
Different views of course-books were also noted by
McGrath (2006) in the metaphors that teachers use to
describe them, he categorized these metaphors into four
groups, are:
1. Guidance (map, compass)
2. Support (anchor, petrol)
3. Resource (convenience store, menu)
4. Constraint (millstone, straightjacket)
8. The Global Course-book
According to Tomlinson, Dat, Masuhara and Rubdy (2001)
and Masuhara, Hann, Yi and Tomlinson, (2008) There are
less obvious issues with the global course-book, are:
1. They found that the coursebooks they reviewed did not
encourage adaptation or facilitate the tailoring of the
materials to learners’ needs or to local contexts.
2. They also found that topics were generally banal and that
there was a focus on politeness rather than conflict and
competition.
9. CRITICAL VIEWS
1. Tomlinson(2008) even goes so far as to assert that
coursebooks are at least partly to blame for the failure of
learners to learn in that they conform to the expectations
of stakeholders and the demands of the market rather
than to what we know about language acquisition and the
learning process.
2. Global coursebooks tend to be based on approaches
developed in western academic departments, exhibiting
what Prodromou and Mishen (2008: 194) call
‘methodological correctness’.
10. CRITICAL VIEWS
3. Gray (2012: 111) calls for alternative articulations of
English, a call that is reflected in alternative
approaches such as that outlined by Guiney Igielski
(Chapter 9) through the development of materials
that are based in culturally and linguistically
responsive pedagogy.
11. GLOBAL VS LOCAL
COURSEBOOK
1. Local coursebook
A local coursebook is one ‘specifically produced for a country
or region and draws on a national curriculum and on the
learners’ experiences by including references to local
personalities, places, etc.
2. Global coursebook
The international or global coursebook is defined by
Tomlinson (1998a: x) as a ‘coursebook which is not written for
learners from a particular culture
12. GLOBAL VS LOCAL
COURSEBOOK
Al Majthoob provides an excellent example of how a local version
of a coursebook can meet the needs of learners in a specific
context far more effectively than any global coursebook.
Interestingly, Chapelle (2009) points to US national guidelines that
state the focus of materials should be on contexts where language
is used. Given that, in the case of English, that now means
everywhere in the world, all materials should be taking an
awareness-raising approach to language and culture
13. MATERIALS AND
THEIR USERS
1. Edge and Garton (2009:55): the teacher’s purpose
is not to teach materials at all: the purpose is to
teach the learners and the materials are there to
serve that purpose.
2. Opoku-Amankwa (2010) identified a number of
factors that influenced students’ access to and use
of textbooks, including class size, seating
arrangements and teachers’ interpretation of
policy concerning student access to textbooks.
14. Materials Use and Change
A reason of the use of coursebooks
is to provide a clear set of activities
and guidelines that both teachers and
students can follow
15. Materials Use and Change
Hutchinson and Torres (1994), Masuhara
and Tomlinson (2008) maintain that
Materials can support novice teachers or
those who lack confidence
16. The change of curricula
1. While curricula may change, the books
used may not.
2. It may not be enough to give teachers a
new book and expect them to change
new how they teach
17. Teachers may need training to use the
new books, otherwise they continue to
employ previous method. While
multimedia packages may offer support
to teachers with low levels of English
proviciency
18. So, when government mandate the
change of curricula, the pragmatic
response from teachers is adapting the
new materials they are given rather than
changing the way they teach
19. Technology
• No overview of materials in ELT can ignore the enormous
impact that technology has had in recent years.
• Technology has been embraced by publishers who now use it to
accompany coursebook, producing not only CD-Roms and
DVDs but also companion websites and versions of their
materials for their Interactive Whiteboard (IWB)
• The use of technology can place the learners squarely at the
centre of materials in a way not always possible with traditional
materials.