It discribes about what is unit plan, definition of unit plan, Characteristics of a Good Unit, Steps in Unit Planning - i. Content analysis, ii. Objectives and specifications, iii. Learning activities & iv. Testing procedures. MODEL UNIT PLANNING, Advantages of Unit Planning & CONCLUSION.
Topic: Test, Testing and Evaluation
Student Name: Urooj Fatima
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
It discuss on CONSTRUCTION OF AN ACHIEVEMENT TEST. It explains what is test, achievement test, history of the achievement test, STAGES OF ACHIEVEMENT TEST, types of achievement test, Basis of the purpose, content, time & quality. It also explain the weightage of the objectives, content, types of question, difficulty level, blue print and steps of blue print.
It discribes about what is unit plan, definition of unit plan, Characteristics of a Good Unit, Steps in Unit Planning - i. Content analysis, ii. Objectives and specifications, iii. Learning activities & iv. Testing procedures. MODEL UNIT PLANNING, Advantages of Unit Planning & CONCLUSION.
Topic: Test, Testing and Evaluation
Student Name: Urooj Fatima
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
It discuss on CONSTRUCTION OF AN ACHIEVEMENT TEST. It explains what is test, achievement test, history of the achievement test, STAGES OF ACHIEVEMENT TEST, types of achievement test, Basis of the purpose, content, time & quality. It also explain the weightage of the objectives, content, types of question, difficulty level, blue print and steps of blue print.
SCORING AND MARKING KEY, QUESTION WISE ANALYSIS OF ACHIEVEMENT TESTrkbioraj24
Achievement test is an important tool in school evaluation and has great significance in measuring instructional progress and progress of the students in the subject area.
Accurate achievement data are very important for planning curriculum and instruction and for program evaluation
Topic: Norm Referenced and Criterion Referenced
Student Name: Madiha Shahid
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Achievement test - Teacher Made Test and Standardized Test - Characteristics,...Suresh Babu
Achievement test - Teacher Made Test and Standardized Test - Characteristics, Steps in Construction (blueprint) and Standardization, Types of Test Items - objective, short answer and long answer- its merits and demerits.
It discuss about what is test and types of test items. Types of items - 1. Objective types a) A) True – false items (Alternate response type B) b) Multiple choice Test Items (Changing Alternative type) C) c) Matching Type Test Item D) d) Simple Recall Type Test Items E) e) Completion Type Test Item 2) Short answer 3) Details answer. It also discuss about advantages and disadvantages of objective type, short answer and details answer.
SCORING AND MARKING KEY, QUESTION WISE ANALYSIS OF ACHIEVEMENT TESTrkbioraj24
Achievement test is an important tool in school evaluation and has great significance in measuring instructional progress and progress of the students in the subject area.
Accurate achievement data are very important for planning curriculum and instruction and for program evaluation
Topic: Norm Referenced and Criterion Referenced
Student Name: Madiha Shahid
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Achievement test - Teacher Made Test and Standardized Test - Characteristics,...Suresh Babu
Achievement test - Teacher Made Test and Standardized Test - Characteristics, Steps in Construction (blueprint) and Standardization, Types of Test Items - objective, short answer and long answer- its merits and demerits.
It discuss about what is test and types of test items. Types of items - 1. Objective types a) A) True – false items (Alternate response type B) b) Multiple choice Test Items (Changing Alternative type) C) c) Matching Type Test Item D) d) Simple Recall Type Test Items E) e) Completion Type Test Item 2) Short answer 3) Details answer. It also discuss about advantages and disadvantages of objective type, short answer and details answer.
Meeting about teaching listening.
The meeting &workshop points were:
Quick review about the last meeting.
Reading Vs Listening.
Listening as teaching skill.
Importance of listening.
Activities in teaching listening (communicative & information gap)
How to teach listening accroding to CBA?
Stages of teaching listeniing (PDP) frame work
Type of tasks and activities in teaching listening
Assessing listening
Workshop
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
3. Definition
The oral test is defined as a test in which a person is
encouraged to speak, and then assed on the basis of
that speech .it can be used alone or combined with
test of other skills(underhill1997:1&7).
4. The oral exam :
-Formal exam
-Subjective test
-Face-to-face interaction/personal contact
-Verbal response
-Immediate response
5. Definition
Posing questions to students in spoken form.
Students must then answer questions as appropriate,
from material they have studied in preparation for the
exam.
6. Types of the oral test
1. Monologue speaking (presentation):
Monologue refers to speech given by solo, by
character in a movie, play or performance.
Students are asked to performs some tasks such as
show and tell where they talk about anything they
choose.
Students are asked to construct a sentence following a
certain pattern using the information that they are
given.
7. Types of the oral test
Topic: Elderly people.
Increased life expectancy means that there are more elderly people than ever
before. Organize these prompts before you talk to the examiners about the
topic for 4-6 minutes:
Suggestion:-
The role of the elderly in today’s society
Retirement and free time
Residential versus home care
You have up to 10 minutes to prepare your talk. You can take notes or make
a brief plan of what you are going to say. Talk to the examiners for about 4-
6 minutes. You can use your notes during your talk, but you cannot read
them aloud. Your production will be recorded.
8. Types of oral test
In another type of monologue test, a situation is given
but no guidance is given as how to respond, and the
students can respond freely.
E.g.:
a. Your friend has been tired a lot recently. What do
you say to her? (Maybe you should be getting more
rest.)
b. You have been served coffee in a restaurant but you
haven't been given any cream or sugar, and you
would like some. What do you say to the server?
(Could I have some cream and sugar?
9. Types of the oral test
2.Dialogue speaking (oral interview)
It is an open-ended test where the students lead a
discussion with the teacher.
Students in that kind of test are required to use
conversation skills that they have learned throughout
the course.
10. Types of the oral test
3.Multilogue speaking (discussion & debate)
The discussions are student-generated, and students
are put into groups where as a group, they decide on a
topic they feel would be of interest for the rest of the
classroom.
11. Types of the oral test
For example
One student acts the part of a police officer , another
a bus conductor, a third a bus- driver, a fourth a
passenger hurrying to visit a sick friend in hospital,
and a fifth a bystander who wants to be helpful. The
passenger hurries to get on the bus and tell him that
the bus is full and that he must get off. The passenger
can see an empty seat and he begins to argue. The bus
is now in the middle of the road and is a danger to
other traffic. Act the roles given.
12. Design an oral test
Step 1: Setting the scene
1. Identifying the purposes of speaking assessment: Do
we want reliability or validity?
2. Testers base on the students’ performance and ability/
level in English during the course to prepare tasks and
standards as well as instructional objectives and
activities that should meet learners’ needs.
3. Deciding whether or not to make an audio or video
recording of student’s performance
4. Deciding when and how to provide learners with
feedback.
13. Design an oral test
Step 2: Designing Speaking Test
1.Components in testing: pronunciation,
grammar, vocabulary, fluency, accuracy,
listening comprehension, appropriateness, etc.
2.Preparing a series of questions on a wide range
of topic : family, home, school, hobbies,
sports, books, films, weekends, holidays,
health, careers, traffic, etc.
3. Using clear, brief and helpful instructions.
14. Design an oral test
1.Using pictures, maps and diagrams
Choose the pictures very carefully will help in
controlling the basic vocabulary required and
determine the type of sentence structure.
E.g.: picture for description, narration,
comparison, instructions.
Make sure that students can see the pictures for a
few minutes before they have to describe them.-
Give pairs or groups of students a simple task to
perform
16. Design an oral test
A. Pictures for description
Can use single pictures, posters and strip cartoons.
When preparing for a test, give them plenty of
practice describing pictures of objects, people and
scenes.
Examiners can ask students to talk about pictures in
pairs: describing the people, objects and places....
But don’t ask them many questions
Imagination
17. Design an oral test
B. Pictures for comparison and contrast
Give each student two pictures and ask to talk about
that.
Use several newspapers and puzzle books containing
pictures which are similar to each other but require to
spot minute differences
18. Cont…
With pairs of the students: can give each of them
some simple puzzles and problem- solving tasks
E.g. : Pictures from “ Composition through Pictures,
beginning composition through Pictures and Writing
through Pictures....( J. BHeaton, Longman)
19. Design an oral test
C. Sequences of pictures
A sequences of pictures telling a story or
process ( or mix up the order of process) can
be used to test speaking ability
Individual students
20.
21. 2. The short talk:
Vague subjects or subjects about which an
individual student knows very little or should be
avoided.
E.g.:“Should countries spend huge sums of money
on space exploration?”
“Do demonstrations serve any useful purpose?”
“Do people ever really learn anything from the
mistakes they make?”
22. Marking scheme
When scoring students’ performances, the examiners
should concentrate on what individual students are
doing with the target language and how they are using
it to achieve their purpose.
23.
24. Advantages
1. Direct personal contact with candidates opportunity to
take mitigating circumstances into account
2. Flexibility in moving from candidates strong points to
weak areas.
3. Requires the candidate to formulate his own replies
without clues.
4. Opportunity to question the candidate about how to
arrive answer.
5. Ability to test depth and breadth of candidates
thinking process and logic of arguments.
6. Opportunity for simultaneous assessment by two
examiner.
25. Disadvantages
1. Difficult to evaluate so many things at once( grammar
, vocabulary, pronunciation...).
2. Difficult to choose what criteria in evaluating oral
communication.
3. It is rather time consuming, particularly if taped
scored later.
4. Lack standardization
5. Lack objectivity and reproducibility of results (halo
effect)
6. Permit favoritism and possible abuse of contact
7. Suffer from undue influence or irrelevant factors