The document contains questions and answers related to digital logic design concepts. Some key points:
- Karnaugh maps are used to minimize the number of gates and fan-in requirements in a digital circuit. Adjacent groups of 1s in a K-map correspond to terms in simplified Boolean expressions.
- Half adders and full adders are basic building blocks used to design multi-bit adders. A full adder can be realized using two half adders and two OR gates.
- Standard forms like SOP and POS are used to represent logic functions as sums of minterms or products of maxterms. Converting between forms allows implementing functions using different gate types like AND, OR,
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Principles of Combinational Logic: Definition of combinational logic, canonical forms, Generation of switching equations from truth tables, Karnaugh maps-3,4,5 variables, Incompletely specified functions (Don‘t care terms) Simplifying Max term equations
Design and Implementation of Encoder for (15, k) Binary BCH Code Using VHDL a...IOSR Journals
Abstract: In this paper we have designed and implemented(15, k) a BCH Encoder on FPGA using VHDL for reliable data transfers in AWGN channel with multiple error correction control. The digital logic implementation of binary encoding of multiple error correcting BCH code (15, k) of length n=15 over GF (24) with irreducible primitive polynomial x4+x+1 is organized into shift register circuits. Using the cyclic codes, the reminder b(x) can be obtained in a linear (15-k) stage shift register with feedback connections corresponding to the coefficients of the generated polynomial. Three encoder are designed using VHDL to encode the single, double and triple error correcting BCH code (15, k) corresponding to the coefficient of generated polynomial. Information bit is transmitted in unchanged form up to k clock cycles and during this period parity bits are calculated in the LFSR then the parity bits are transmitted from k+1 to 15 clock cycles. Total 15-k numbers of parity bits with k information bits are transmitted in 15 code word. Here we have implemented (15, 5, 3), (15, 7, 2) and (15, 11, 1) BCH code encoder on Xilinx Spartan 3 FPGA using VHDL and the simulation & synthesis are done using Xilinx ISE 13.3. BCH encoders are conventionally implemented by linear feedback shift register architecture. Encoders of long BCH codes may suffer from the effect of large fan out, which may reduce the achievable clock speed. The data rate requirement of optical applications require parallel implementations of the BCH encoders. Also a comparative performance based on synthesis & simulation on FPGA is presented. Keywords: BCH, BCH Encoder, FPGA, VHDL, Error Correction, AWGN, LFSR cyclic redundancy checking, fan out .
FYBSC IT Digital Electronics Unit II Chapter II Minterm, Maxterm and Karnaugh...Arti Parab Academics
Minterm, Maxterm and Karnaugh Maps:
Introduction, minterms and sum of minterm form, maxterm and Product
of maxterm form, Reduction technique using Karnaugh maps –
2/3/4/5/6 variable K-maps, Grouping of variables in K-maps, K-maps
for product of sum form, minimize Boolean expression using K-map
and obtain K-map from Boolean expression, Quine Mc Cluskey
Method.
Design of Multiplexers, Decoder and a Full Subtractor using Reversible GatesIJLT EMAS
This paper shows an effective design of combinational circuits such as 2:1, 4:1 multiplexers, 2:4 decoder and a full subtractor using reversible gates. This paper also evaluates number of reversible gates used and garbage outputs in implementing each combinational circuit.
Principles of Combinational Logic: Definition of combinational logic, canonical forms, Generation of switching equations from truth tables, Karnaugh maps-3,4,5 variables, Incompletely specified functions (Don‘t care terms) Simplifying Max term equations
Design and Implementation of Encoder for (15, k) Binary BCH Code Using VHDL a...IOSR Journals
Abstract: In this paper we have designed and implemented(15, k) a BCH Encoder on FPGA using VHDL for reliable data transfers in AWGN channel with multiple error correction control. The digital logic implementation of binary encoding of multiple error correcting BCH code (15, k) of length n=15 over GF (24) with irreducible primitive polynomial x4+x+1 is organized into shift register circuits. Using the cyclic codes, the reminder b(x) can be obtained in a linear (15-k) stage shift register with feedback connections corresponding to the coefficients of the generated polynomial. Three encoder are designed using VHDL to encode the single, double and triple error correcting BCH code (15, k) corresponding to the coefficient of generated polynomial. Information bit is transmitted in unchanged form up to k clock cycles and during this period parity bits are calculated in the LFSR then the parity bits are transmitted from k+1 to 15 clock cycles. Total 15-k numbers of parity bits with k information bits are transmitted in 15 code word. Here we have implemented (15, 5, 3), (15, 7, 2) and (15, 11, 1) BCH code encoder on Xilinx Spartan 3 FPGA using VHDL and the simulation & synthesis are done using Xilinx ISE 13.3. BCH encoders are conventionally implemented by linear feedback shift register architecture. Encoders of long BCH codes may suffer from the effect of large fan out, which may reduce the achievable clock speed. The data rate requirement of optical applications require parallel implementations of the BCH encoders. Also a comparative performance based on synthesis & simulation on FPGA is presented. Keywords: BCH, BCH Encoder, FPGA, VHDL, Error Correction, AWGN, LFSR cyclic redundancy checking, fan out .
FYBSC IT Digital Electronics Unit II Chapter II Minterm, Maxterm and Karnaugh...Arti Parab Academics
Minterm, Maxterm and Karnaugh Maps:
Introduction, minterms and sum of minterm form, maxterm and Product
of maxterm form, Reduction technique using Karnaugh maps –
2/3/4/5/6 variable K-maps, Grouping of variables in K-maps, K-maps
for product of sum form, minimize Boolean expression using K-map
and obtain K-map from Boolean expression, Quine Mc Cluskey
Method.
Design of Multiplexers, Decoder and a Full Subtractor using Reversible GatesIJLT EMAS
This paper shows an effective design of combinational circuits such as 2:1, 4:1 multiplexers, 2:4 decoder and a full subtractor using reversible gates. This paper also evaluates number of reversible gates used and garbage outputs in implementing each combinational circuit.
Ec2203 digital electronics questions anna university by www.annaunivedu.organnaunivedu
EC2203 Digital Electronics Anna University Important Questions for 3rd Semester ECE , EC2203 Digital Electronics Important Questions, 3rd Sem Question papers,
http://www.annaunivedu.org/digital-electronics-ec-2203-previous-year-question-paper-for-3rd-sem-ece-anna-univ-question/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary concept that connects everyday objects and devices to the internet, enabling them to communicate, collect, and exchange data. Imagine a world where your refrigerator notifies you when you’re running low on groceries, or streetlights adjust their brightness based on traffic patterns – that’s the power of IoT. In essence, IoT transforms ordinary objects into smart, interconnected devices, creating a network of endless possibilities.
Here is a blog on the role of electrical and electronics engineers in IOT. Let's dig in!!!!
For more such content visit: https://nttftrg.com/
The Role of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in IOT Technology.pdf
Online quesion deldunit-1-to_unit-4
1. Questions
Ans
wer
a b c d
1
Which number is formend from a
binary number by gruoping of 4-bit
each starting at the binary point.
Binary Octal Decimal Hexadecimal d
2
The Number FF in hexadecimal
system is equivalent to________in
decimal system.
256 255 240 239 b
3
Hexadecimal number E is equal to
binary number________
1110 1101 1001 1111 a
4
Binary number 1101 is equal to octal
number________
15 16 17 14 a
5
The binary number 00001100 can be
represent by which hexadecimal
number?
Ch Dh 4C h A1 h a
6 The octal eualvalent of (564)10 is ______ (1062)8 (1064)8 (1066)8 none of these b
7
What will be the binary equivalent of the
decimal number(12.75)10
(1010.10)2 (1100.11)2 (1010.11)2 (1011.10)2 b
8
Convert (2b2d)16 hexadecimal number
into equivalent binary number?
(0010 1011 1100 1100)2 (0010 0011 1001 1101)2 (0011 1010 0011 1101)2 0010 1011 0010 1101)2 d
9
Conver the octal number (713)8 to its
hexadecimal equivalent?
(1CA)16 (1CB)16 (3AC)16 (1AC)16 b
10
What is the result when a decimal
6233 is converted base 16?
1859 1860 1861 1858 a
11
Hexadecimal equivalent of 25702.74
octal equal to_________
(2BC2.F)16 (3BC2.F)16 (28C2.F)16 (38C2.F)16 a
12
The minimum number of the bit
required to represent negative numbers
in the range of -1 to -9 using 2's
complement represention is_________
2 3 4 5 d
13
The large positive number that can be
stored in a computer that has 16-bit
word length and uses twos
complement arithmetic is_________
32 32767 32768 65536 b
Options
Unit I
2. 14
The greatest negative number which
can be stored in a computer that has 8-
bit word length and uses two's
complement arithmatic is_________
-256 -255 -128 -127 c
15 2's complement of -15 decimal is_____ 10010 10001 10000 O1111 b
16
In a digital computer binart
substraction is performed___________
in the same way as we
perform substraction in
the decimal number
using 2's complement
method
using 9's complement method using 10's
complement method b
17
For the electrical symbol illustrated
below represents a_________ one input "on",the other
"off"
both input "on" both input "off"
first input "off",the
second "on"
c
18
For a three input NAND gate the
output is 0 only when______
all input logic 1 all input logic 0 any one input logic 1 a
19
The 14 pin TTL integretedcircuit with
four,two input______ gates inside, is
IC 7400
OR AND NAND c
20
In a 3 input NOR gate,the number of
states in which output is 1 equals_____
1 2 3 4 a
21
Ex-OR gate can work as 'NOT' gate
provided______
one input is fixed at logic
level 1
one input is fixed at logic
level 0 by shorting both inputs
none of the above a
22
what logic function corresponds to the
following arrangement?
F=S1 OR (S2 AND S3) OR S4 F=S1 AND (S2 OR S3)AND S4 F=(S1 OR S2) AND (S3 OR S4) F=(S1 AND S2)OR (S3 AND S4)b
23
The____ and _____ gates are known
as "Universal Gates".
NAND, NOR NAND, EX-OR OR, AND a
24
The output of a logic gate is 0 when all
its input are at logic 1. The gate is
either _____
a NAND or an AND a NAND or an EX-OR a NOR or an EX-NOR a NAND or an EX-NOR b
3. 25
Which of the following statement is
true?
AND and NOT gates
are not sufficient for the
realization of any logical
function
OR and NOT gates are
sufficient for the
realization of any logical
function
NOR gate are sufficient to
realize of any logical function
NAND gate are not
sufficient to realize
of any logical
function
d
26
The NAND-NAND logic is equivalent
to ____
AND-NOT logic AND-OR logic OR-AND logic NOT-OR logic b
27
(FA)16 XOR (CB)16 is equal to_______
(30)16 (31)16 (32)16 (21)16 b
28
(1010 1100)2 XOR (1100 1010)2 is
equal to______ (0110 0110)2 (66)16 (146)8 all of these d
29
The circuit shown below is functionally
equivalent to______
NOR gate OR gate EX-OR gate NAND gate c
30
(A.B) .C= A.(B.C)
represents________ law
commutative associative distributive b
31 A+ĀB=______ + + + b
32 + + =__________ 0 1 A a
33
The expression AB + BC + C when
simplified is_______
A.B C AB+C None c
34
Which of the following statement is an
example of the associate Law of
Boolean algebra ?
X+(Y+Z)=(X+Y)+Z X(Y+Z)=XY+XZ X+Y=Y+Z (W+X)(Y+Z)=WY+
WZ+XY+XZ
a
35
A code in which each digit position of
the number represents a specific
weight is called______
non-weighted code weighted code Alphanumaric code error detecting code c
36
In _codes each succeeding code is one
binary number greater than preceding
code.
BCD Reflective alphanumeric sequential c
4. 37
Which of the following statement is
true about excess-3 code?
It is non weighted code It is sequential code It is self complementing code. All of these d
38 Gray code is_. reflecting code cyclic code non-weighted code all of these d
39
Which of the following is a weighted
code? 3321 4221 5211
all of these d
40
In 5311 code,the decimal 7 is
represented by_. 1010 1111 O111 1011
d
41
The BCD equivalent of excess-3 1100
1010 is_.
1100 1010 1001 1010 1001 0111 1010 1100 c
42
THE Gray code equivalent Of binary
10111011_.
11100110 11100111 11100101 11100100 a
43
In"Sign and Magnitude"method,if
operands have different sign then how
is the product considered?
Positive Negative Sign of bigger number None of these b
44
Which of the following statement is not
true about excess-3?
In excess-3,9's
complement and
complement of any
number is same
It is a weighted code It is reflective code. It is a sequential code b
45
In a negative logic system the voltages
corresponding to LOW and HIGH
levels respectively are given
below.Identify the voltages which
correspond to negative logic system.
0 V and5 V 1 V & 5 V 5 V & 0 V 1V & 8 V c
46
A very large scale integration
(VLSI)chip has _.
12 to 99 gates 100 to 9,999 gates 10,000 to 99,999 gates more than 100,000 gates d
47
Faster switching OFFof a p-n junction
_. requires zero current in
the reverse direction
requires reverse saturation
current in the reverse direction
requires a large current in the
reverse direction
is independent of the
reverse current
c
48
Which is the best figure of merit from
the options given below?
1pJ 10pJ 50pJ 100pJ a
49
TTL logic families use____. junction field-effect
transistors p-n junctions n-p-n transistors MOSFETs
c
50
Two input TTL NAND gate consists
of_transistors. 1 2 3 4
d
51
An open input terminal of a TTL gate
_. will behave as if it is
connected to logic 0 level
will behave as if it is
connected to logic 1 level
will assume some voltage
between logic 0 and 1 levels none of these
b
52 Wired logic is not possible in_. ECL TTL with active pull-up open-collector TTL TTL with passive pull-up b
53
The main disadvantage of TTL with
totem-pole output is_. high power dissipation low fan-out
that wire-ANDing operation is
not allowed low noise margin
b
5. 54
Which TTL family is used for
commercial applications? 74XX 74LSXX 54XX None of these
c
55 Schottky TTL is a_.
non-saturated bipolar logic saturated bipolar logic current source logic high threshold logic
a
56
CMOS logic consists of _.
only n-channel MOS devices only p-channel MOS devices MOS devices and capacitors p-channels and n-
channelsMOS devices d
57
The most commanly used
configuration of a transistor as a CB CC CE CE or CC
c
58
_devices do not have the problem of
storage and removal of minority charge
carriers.
FET MOSFET BJT both a and b d
6. Q.No Questions Answer
1
Each individual term in standard
SOP form is called_.
literal maxterm minterm c
2
The maxterm,designator of the
term Ā+ + C +D is_______
2 3 10 none of these b
3
A swiching function
f(A,B,C,D)=ĀBCD+ĀBCD+ĀBC
D+ ABCD+ABCD
can also be written as____
Σ (1,3,5,7,9) Σ (3,5,7,9,11) Σ (3,5,9,11,13) Σ (5,7,9,11,13) b
4
If a three variable switching
function is expressed as the
product of maxterms by
f(A,B,C)=∏(0,3,5,6), then it can
also be expressed as the sum of
minterms by
∏(1,2,4,7) ∑(0,3,5,6) ∑(1,2,4,7) ∑(1,2,3,7) c
5
A SOP form of logic expression
consists of only minterms is known
as____
SOP form POS form standard SOP form Standard POS form c
6
The boolean expression in the POS
from is most suitable for desining
logic circuits using only____
EX-NOR gates AND gates NAND gates NOR gates d
7
The boolean expression Y=∑
m((0,3,6,7,10,12) is equivalent
to________
Y=∏ M(0,3,6,7,10,12,15)Y= ∏M(1,2,4,5,8,9,11,13,14,15)
Y =∑
m(1,2,4,5,8,9,11,13,14,15
)
Y=∑ m(0,3,10,12) b
8
The Boolean Expression
Y=(A+B+C).(A+ B +C)+(A+ B
+C ) is known as_______
standard SOP form SOP form POS form standard POS form d
9
The minimized expression for the
K-map fo Fig.1 is________
ĀC BC ĀC+AB ĀC+BC+AB c
Options
Unit II
7. 10
The Logic opration of two circuits
shown in ig. Are_________
different idential complementary dual b
11
The code used for labelling the
cells of the K-map is________
natural BCD Hexadecimal gray octal c
12
In 4-variable K-map, a group of
eight adjacent ones leads to a term
with____
1 variable 2 variable 3 variable 0 variable a
13
In K-map simplification,a group of
four adjacent ones leads to a term
with
one litaral less than the
total number of variables
two litaral less than the
total number of variables
three litaral less than the
total number of variables
four litaral less than the
total number of
variables
b
14 Karnaugh map is used ______
to minimize the number
of FILP-FOLPs in a
digital circuit
to minimize the number of
gates only in a digital
circuit
to minimize the number
of gates and the fan-in
requirment of the gates in
a digital circuit
to design gates c
15
The sum and carry output fo H.A.
are 1 and 0,then its inputs are
both(b)and( c) 0,1 1,0
1,1
a
16 Sum output fo half adder is= ĀB + A AB Ā + AB a
17 Sum output fo full adder is= Sum =A(B Cin) Sum =A B Cin Sum =A (B+C) b
18
A 3 binary adder should be
_______
3 full adders 2 full adder and half adder 1 full adder and 2 half adder 3 half adder b
19 A full adder can be relized using: one half-adder,two OR gatestwo half adder,one OR gatestwo half adder,two OR gates none of these b
20
The half adder circuit has input
AB=11. The logic levels of the S
and C outputs will be_______ S=1,C=1 S=0,C=0 S=1,C=0 S=0,C=1 d
21
Which of these expression are
correct for half adder?
1.SUM=A.B+Ā
2.SUM=A. +Ā.B
3.CARRY=A.B
4.CARRY=A+B
1 and 3 2 and 3 2 and 4 1 and 4 b
8. 22
For a half -adder, which of the
following statements is /are
correct? 1.Is a half -
substractor also. 2.Has
two output CH=a,y and SH = x
y for two input x and y
3.Has two output CH=x+y and SH=
x y for two input x and y.
4.Is a combinational circuit.
1,3 and 4 1,2 and 4 4 only 2 and 4 d
23
Which of the following
simplification method is most
suitable when input variables
exceeds five variables?
K-map Boolean algebra Quine McCluskey All of these c
24
The difference bit output of a half-
substraction is the same as:
difference bit output of a
full substractor
sum bit output of a half addersum bit output of a full-addercarry bit output of a half-adder b
25
The half adder circuit in the given
figure has input AB=11. The logic
level of P and Q output will
be_____
P = 0 and Q = 0 P= 0 and Q =1 P =1 and Q = 0 P = 1 and Q =1 b
26
A________ Is a digital circuit
which selects one of the n data
inputs and routes it to the output.
multiplexer Demultiplexer Decoder a
27
if multiplexer has x select lines, it
has _____output(s)
one X 2
x
a
28
The result of binary addition 1+1 is
____
carry0,sum0 carry 0,sum 1 carry 1, sum 0 carry 1,sum 1 c
29
The Boolean equations can be
implemented using____
adder subtractor multiplexer c
30
Which device changes parallel data
to serial data?
Decoder multiplexer Demultiplexer Flip-Flop b
31
Two 16:1 and one 2:1 multiplexer
can be connected to form
a_________
16:1 multiplexer 32:1 multiplexer 64:1 multiplexer 8:1 multiplexer b
32
For an n:1 multiplexer the number
of select line are
2
n
log2n log10n b
9. 33
A demultiplexer has one data
input,m control input and n output
,then____
2m
=m 2m
=n nm
=2 m2
=2 b
34
A decoder circuit does not have
the____input
select data control b
35
A demultiplexer has________. one data input and a
number selection inputs,
and they have several
output
one input and one outputseveral input and several outputseveral input and one output a
36
An encoder conver________ noncoded information
into coded form
coded information into
noncoded form
HIGHs to LOW
LOWS to HIGHs
a
37
A 4-variable logic expression can
be used to relized by using only
one ____.
NAND gate NOR gate demultiplexer 16:1 multiplexer d
38
A multiplexer can be used as
a_______
logic element FLIP-FLOP counter 7-segment LED driver a
39
Which of the following statement
are correct related to multiplexer?
1.selects one of the several
inputs and transmit it to a
single output. 2.Routes
the data form single input to one of
many output. 3.Can
be used to convert parallel data
into serial data.
4.Is a combinational circuit
1,2 and 4 2,3 and 4 1,3 and 4 1,2, and 3 c
40
Which of these come under the
class of combinational circuit?
1.multiplexer
2.Read only memories
3.D-latch
4.Circuit as shown 1 and 2 3 and 4 1,2 and 3 1,2,3 and 4 a
41
Which of following is a combinational
circuit?
Shift Register Decoder Counter Ring counter b
10. 42
Consider the following statements:
A 4:16 decoder can be
constructed (with enable)by:
1.Using four 2:4
decoder(each with an enable
input)only.
2.Using five 2:4 decoders (each
with an enable input)only
3.Using five 3:8 decoders
(each with an enable input)only
4.Using five 3:8
decoders (each with an enable
input)and inverter. which
of the statment given above is / are
correct.
2 and 3 1 only 2 and 4 none of the above c
43
When two 16-bit input multiplexer
drive a 2 input MUX,what is the
result?
2-input MUX 4-input MUX 16-input MUX 32-input MUX d
44
A digital multiplexer can be used
for which of the following?
1.Decoder
2.Many to one switch.
3.Implementation of combinational
circuit
4.For code conversion.
select the correct answer using the
code giving below:
1,,3,and 4 2,3 and 4 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only b
45 The IC 74153 is a_________ Multiplexer comparator parity generator and checker demultiplexer a
46 IC 74151 is a________ 4:1 mux 8:1 mux 16:1 mux 32:1 mux b
47 The______ is a 3:8 decoder. IC 74153 IC 74138 IC 74147 IC 7483 b
48
The______ is a decimal to BCD
encoder.
IC 74153 IC 74138 IC 74147 IC 7483 c
49 The ____is a dual 4:1 multiplexer. IC 74153 IC74138 IC 74147 IC7483 c
50
Which one of the following can be
used as parallel to serial converter? Decoder Digital counter multiplexer demultiplexer c
11. Unit III
Q.No Questions Answer
1
The output of a________ circuit at any
instant of time dependant only on the
input present at that instant of time
combinational sequential
combinational and
sequential none of the above a
2
In the________ circuit,the output at
any instant of time dependant on the
present input as well as the past
input/outputs.
sequential combinational none of these a
3
sequential citcuits contain_________
no memory element
at least one memory
element
all input applied
simulteneously
none of the above b
4
The data store by the memory element
at any given instant of time is called
the_____ state of the sequential circuit.
next present tri b
5 _______ is not a sequential circuit. Flip-flop counter code converter shift register c
6
A counter is a_______
sequential circuit combinational circuit
both combinational
and sequential circuit none of above
a
7
_____is also known as 1-bit memory
cell.
Flip-flop sets no change in a
8
By placing inverter between two inputs
of an S-R flip-flop,we get______ flip-
flop.
D inverted SR JK a
9 Qn represents the _____value of a FF present state previous state next state a
10
The regester that shifts data in only
right direction is called a______ shift
register
right left bidirectinal a
11
SISO stands for______
serial input and serial output
sequential input and
sequential output
buffered serial input
serial output
clocked serial input and
serial output
a
12
SIPO stands for_______ clocked serial input and
parallel output
clocked sequential input
and parallel output
sequential input and
parallel output
serial input and parallel
output
d
13
The PIPO mode requires_____clock
pulses to load a 8-bit number into
register.
1 2 8 a
14
In a shift register,shifting right a bit by
one bit means______
division by 2 multiplication by 2 substraction by 2 any of above a
15
The type register, in which data is
entered into it only one bit at a time,but
has all data bits available as
output,is_______.
serial in/parallel out register serial in /serial out register
parallel in /serial out
register
parallel in /parallel out
register
a
Options
12. 16
The number of state that binary counter
goes through are_____,where n is
equal to the number of flip-flop.
1/2n
2n
2n
-1 c
17
A decade counter has ____number of
states.
9 10 16 b
18
A counter has modulus of 10.the
number of flip-flop are______
10 5 4 3 c
19 A mod 4 counter will count________ from 0 to 4 from 0 to 3 form any number to n+4 none of above b
20
The ripple counter are also known
as_____counter
synchronous asynchronous none of these b
21
The output frequency of adecade
counter, which is clocked from a 50
kHz signal is
5kHz 50kHz 500kHz 5000kHz a
22
A 4-bi synchronous counter uses flip-
flop with propagation delay time of 15
ns each.the maximum possible time
required for change of atate will
be______.
15 ns 30 ns 45 ns 60 ns a
23
A 4-bit dwon counter can count
from____
0000 to 1111 1111 to 0000 000 to 111 111 to 000 b
24
The clock is used in sequential logic
design for_____
less space performance speed synchronization d
25
In synchronouns digital system,the
exact instance at which one more
outputa can change the state is
determined by the______.
clock signal preset signal clear signal set and reset input a
26
The following is triggering method
used in disital sytem______
positive edge triggering negative edge triggering positive level triggering above all d
27
In negative level triggering method,flip-
flop is triggered when_____
clock is low clock is high preset is low clear is low a
28
The following is application of flip-
flop____
register bounce elimination switch counters above all d
29
How are the Q and Q outputs of a flip-
flop affected by setting the active low
asynchronouns RESET input to a logic
zero?
Q=1 and Q=0 Q=0 and Q=1 Q=1 and Q=1 No change b
30
How many flip-flop are required to
implement a divide-by-4 circuit?
4 3 2 1 c
31
What is the minmum number of flip-
flop needed to build a mod 12
synchronous counter?
2 3 4 5 c
13. 32 Aflip-flop is used to store______. one bit of imformation two bit of information one nibble of information one byte of information a
33
In a J-K flip-flop,when J=K=1 and
clock is appied the output Q
will______
not change become 0 become 1
be complement of ht
eoutput before the clock
was applied
d
34
The output Qn of a J-K flip-flop is 1.it
change to 0 when a clock pulse is
applied. The inputs Jn and Kn
are______ respectively.
0 and X 1 and X X and 1 X and 0 c
35
The output Qn of a J-K flip-flop is 0.it
change to 1 when a clock pulse is
applied. The inputs Jn and Kn
are______ respectively.
1 and X 0 and X X and 0 X and 1 a
36
The output Qn of a J-K or S-R flip-flop
is 0,Its output does not change when a
clock pulses is applied. The inputs Jn
and Kn(or Sn and Rn)are________
respectively
X and 0 X and 1 1 and X 0 and X d
37
The output Q and Q of a master-slave
S-R flip-flop are connected to its R and
S inputs respectively.its oputput Q
when clock pulses are applied will
be____
permanently 0 permanentaly 1 fixed 0 or 1
complementing with
every clock pulse
d
38
The output Qn of a T flip-flop is 1. it
change to 0 when a clock pulse is
applied . The input T is______ 0 1
X all of these b
39
______flip-flop is also called delay
flip-flop.
SR D T JK b
40
If complement inputs are applied to S
and R input of SR flip-flop,behaves
like_____
T flip-flop D flip-flop J K flip-flop none of these b
41
The fig.1shows the circuit of____flip-
flop
D SR T JK a
14. 42
The below circuit illustrates a typical
application of the J-K flip-flops. What
does this represent?
A shift register A data storege device A friquency divider circuit A decoder citcuit c
44
Which of the following statement is/are
true?
Master-slave JK flip-flop
is free from race-around
condition.
Master slave uses two J-K
flip-flops Both a and b Only a and not b c
45
Consider the following J-K flip-flop :
In the above J-K flip-flop,J=Q and
K=1.Assume that the flip-flop was
initially cleared and then clocked for 6
pulse.
What is the sequence at at the Q
output? O1OOO O11OO1 O1OO1O O1O1O1 D
46
which one of the following equetion
satisfies the J-K flip-flop truth tables?
a
47
master-slave flip-flop is
triggered______
when the clock input ia at
HIGH logic level
when the clock input is at
the clock input.
when a pulse Is applied
at the clock input.
when the clock input is
at LOW logic level c
48 ______consists of dual D flip-flops. IC 7473 IC 7474 IC 7476 None of these b
49
IC_______ has divide by 2 and divide
by five counters
74191 7490 74163 74169 b
50
which of the following statement(s)
is/are true about IC 74191?
It is a synchronounce
counter
it is an up/down counter
it has parallel load
capability
All of these d
15. Q.No Questions Answer
1
The initial contents of the 4-bit
serial-in-parallel-out,right shift, shift
register shown are 0110. After three
clock pulses are applied the contents
of the shift register will be_______
1111 c
2
The output of a Moore sequential
machine is a function of______
all present states of
the machine
all the input
a few combination of
input and the present
state
all the combination
of input and the
present state
a
3
Minimum number of J-K flip-flops
needed to construct a BCD counter
is____
2 3 4 5 c
4
The number of unused states in a 4-
bit Johnson counter is_____
2 4 8 12
c
5
The total number of 1s in a 15-bit
shift register is to be counted by
clocking into the counter which is
preset to 0.The counter must have
which one of the following
4-bit 5-bit 16-bit 6-bit a
6
12 MHz clock frequency is applied
to cascaded counter of mudulus-3
counter, modulus-4 counter and
modulus-5counter.what are the
lowest output frequency and overall
modulus, respectively?
200 kHz,60 1 MHz,60 3 MHz,12 4 MHz,12 a
Options
Unit IV
16. 7
The circuit given below is that of a___
Mod-5 counter Mod-6 counter Mod-7 counter Mod-8 counter a
8
Which of the following capabilities
are available in a universal shift
register? Shift left shift right Parallel load All of these d
9
A ring counter consisting of five flip-
flops will have 5 states 10 states 32 states infinite states a
10
The initial state of MOD-16 down
counter is 0110. After 37 clock
pulses,the state of the counter will
be____
1011 O110 O101 OOO1 d
11
The sequence detector is required to
give a logical output of 1 whenever
the sequence 1011 is detected in the
incoming pulse stream. Minimum
number of flip flops needed to build
the sequence detector is _____
4 3 2 1 b
12
The counter using four JK flip flops,
all the flip flops get triggered
simulteneously. This counter circuit
_____
is a combinational
circuit
is an asynchronous
circuit
is an synchronous
circuit
may be a
combinational or
sequential circuit
c
13
Data can be changed from temporal
code to spacial code by using
Timer circuits Synchronous counters Shift registers Combinational circuits c
14
Data can be changed from spacial
code to temporal code by using
Shift registers Counters Combinational circuits A/D Converters a
15 An universal registers ______ accepts serial input accept parallel input
given serial and
parallel outputs
Is capable of all of
the above
d
16
A Twisted-ring counter consisting
of five flip flops will have
5 states 10 states 25 states 125 states b
17. 17
The number of states in a decates
counter are ____
4 8 10 16 c
18
In a four bit Binary Ripple counter,
for every input clock pulses ____
all the flip flops
get clocked
simulteneously
Only one flip flop
get clocked at a time
Two of the flip flops
get clocked at a time
all the above
statements are false
d
19
A 3-bit binary ripple couter uses flip-
flop with propagation delay time of
25 ns each. The maximum possible
time required for change of state
will be____
25 ns 50 ns 75 ns 100ns c
20
A 3-bit synchronous couter uses flip-
flop with propagation delay time of
25 ns each. The maximum possible
time required for change of state
will be____
25 ns 50 ns 75 ns 100ns a
21
The maximum possible number of
state in a ripple counter consisting of
three flip-flops is_____.
4 8 10 16 b
22
The maximum number of flip-flops
required for a synchronous decade
counter are___.
1 2 4 10 c
23
The maximum number of flip-flops
required for a divide-by-13 circuit
are___.
4 8 12 16 a
24
A mod-2 counter followed by a mod-
5 counter is_____.
same as a mod-5
counter followed
by a mod-2 counter a decade counter a mod-7 counter none of the above b
25
Symmetrical squarewave of time
period 100 us can be abtined form
squarewave of time period 10 us by
using a____
Divide-by-5 circuit divide-by-2 circuit
divide-by -5 circuit
followed by a divide-
by-2 circuit
4-bit binary counter c
26
A 4-bit presettable UP counter has
prest input 0100. The presetting
opretion takes place as soon as the
counter becomes maximum,i.e.
1111. The modulus of this countr
15 10 11 12 c
18. 27
In genersl, a sequential logic gircuit
consist of____. only flip-flops only gates
flip-flops and
combinatinal logic
circuits
only combinational
logic circuit c
28
The fig. shows the wave form
of_____ counter.
Asynchronounce synchronounce ring Johnson c
29
The Fig.2 shows the waveform of
____counter.
Asynchronounce synchronounce ring Johnson d
30
The IC 74194 is a_______
up counter down counter flip-flop universal shift-register d
31
When S1S0=00,the IC 74194 is
in_____Mode
shift left shift right hold parallel load c
32
When S1S0=01,the IC 74194 is in
____mode
shift left shift right hold parallel load b
33
When S1S0=10,the IC 74191 is
in___ mode
shift left shift right hold parallel load a
34
When S1S0=11,the IC 74191 is
in____mode. shift left shift right hold parallel load d