Oxygen therapy provides adequate oxygen in the blood while decreasing work of breathing and stress on the heart. It can be delivered via nasal cannula, masks, catheters, head boxes, tracheostomy collars, or through an endotracheal tube connected to a mechanical ventilator. Indications include hypoxemia, respiratory distress, heart conditions, and more. Nurses must monitor vital signs and comfort, ensure proper humidification and flow rates, and watch for side effects like oxygen toxicity when providing oxygen therapy.

1. Clinical fundamental of nursing
Oxygen(O2) therapy
Prepared by : Lana badawi
Instructed by : Mustafa sholi
Ibn Sina College

2. Oxygen(O2) therapy
Outline and objectives:
1. Introduction and definition
2. Indication
3. O2 delivery system
4. Advantages and disadvantages
5. Side effects
6. Nursing action

3. Introduction
 Oxygen is an odorless, tasteless, colorless, and
transparent gas .That is slightly heavier than air.
Because oxygen supports combustion, there is
always danger of fire, when oxygen is being used,
oxygen can be dispensed from a cylinder, piped in
system, liquid oxygen reservoir or oxygen
concentrated

4. lower Airway

5. Gas exchange

6. Definition
What is the O2 therapy ???
Providing a adequate oxygen in the blood , while
decreasing the work of breathing and reducing stress
in the myocardium

7. Indication to use Oxygen
Main condition
 Hypoxia
 Hypoxemia

8. Mechanisms of Hypoxia
Aerobic Metabolism requires:
O2 utilization
O2 Delivery O2 Utilization
O2 Delivery
Shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism
Increase Lactic acid
Cell Death

9. Indication
Short term indication
1. Acute hypoxemia
2. Hypotension
3. Low COP
4. Respiratory distress
5. Angina
6. Dyspnea
7. MI (myocardial infarction)
8. Premature babies

10. Indication
Long term indication:
1. COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
2. Cystic Fibrosis
3. Late stage Heart failure
4. Sleep related breathing disorder

11. O2 delivery system
Oxygen may be administered by nasal cannula, various types
of masks, head box, tent, catheter, T-piece, Tracheostomy
collar . It also applied directly to the endotracheal tube via
mechanical ventilator .The method selected depends on the
required concentration of oxygen.

12. Nasal cannula

13. Nasal cannula
Suggested flow rate 1_6 liter / min O2
Provide 24% _44%
Advantages:
Light weight ,comfortable ,inexpensive , continuous use with
meals and activities
Disadvantages:
Nasal mucosa , drying , variable fio2

14. Masks

15. Masks
Suggested flow rate 5_12 L/min
Provide 40%_100%
Advantages:
Simple to use , inexpensive , High O2 concentration , Good
humidity , accurate fio2 (depend on mask type)
Disadvantages:
must remove to feeding , Poor fitting , Uncomfortable

16. Catheter

17. Catheter
Suggested flow rate 1_6 L/min
Provide 23%_40%
Advantages:
Inexpensive
Disadvantages:
Variable fio2,requires frequent change ,gastric distension can
occur

18. Head box or tent

19. Head box or tent
Suggested flow rate 8_10 L/min
Provide 30%_100%
Advantages:
Fairly accurate fio2
Disadvantages:
Bulky , compression

20. T-piece

21. T-piece
Suggested flow rate 8_10 L/min
Provide 30%_100%
Advantages:
Good humidity , accurate fio2
Disadvantages:
Heavy with tubing

22. Tracheostomy collar

23. Tracheostomy collar
 Suggested flow rate 8_10 L/min
 Provide 30%_100%
 Advantages:
Good humidity , accurate fio2
 Disadvantages:
uncomfortable some

24. ETT (endotracheal tube) with
mechanical ventilator

25. Mechanical ventilator
Can control:
- Tidal volume.
- Rate
- Fraction of inspired oxygen(FIO2)
- Peak airway inspiratory pressure (PIP)
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
- positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)

26. Complication of ETT and mechanical
ventilator
 1- Air way obstruction(thickened secretions, mechanical
problems with artificial airway or ventilator circulatory.
 2- Tracheal damage
 3- pulmonary infection
 4- Barotrauma (pneumothorax)
 5-Decrease cardiac output
 6- Other GI complication

27. O2 therapy side effects
 Oxygen Toxicity.
 Oxygen Paradox.
 Depression of Respiratory Center.
 Oxygen Poisoning.
 Complications in newborns

28. Nursing action :
 1- Determined the current vital signs ,level of
consciousness, and most recent ABG’s
 2- Check the vital signs
 3- Assess risk for co2 retention with o2 administration
 4- Make sure that the humidifier that is filled to the
appropriate mark
 5- Set the flow rate at prescribed liter per minute .
 6- Feel to determine if oxygen is flowing

29. Nursing action:
7- Determine patient comfort with oxygen use .
8- Remove mucus or saliva from the o2 device.
9- Monitor closely to ensure an accurate floe arte for
specific Fio2

30. ANY QUESTION ????