This document discusses oxygen therapy principles and practice. It outlines the major indications for oxygen therapy as treating hypoxia and hypoxemia. There are four main types of hypoxia - hypoxic, stagnant, anemic, and histotoxic hypoxia. The guidelines for oxygen therapy are to alleviate hypoxemia and end-organ dysfunction while avoiding deleterious effects. Various oxygen delivery systems are described including low flow nasal cannulas and masks, and high flow venturi masks and hoods. Potential hazards of oxygen therapy include drying of mucous membranes, depression of ventilation, and oxygen toxicity in the lungs, eyes, and central nervous system.