Dr. Adil Farooq presented on oxygen therapy and different devices used to deliver oxygen to patients. There are many ways to prescribe oxygen that are often not followed properly. The goal of oxygen therapy is to treat hypoxemia, decrease work of breathing, and decrease myocardial work. The appropriate oxygen delivery method depends on factors like the needed FiO2 level, humidification needs, and patient comfort. Common devices include nasal cannulas, masks, Venturi masks, hoods and tents. Proper prescription and monitoring are important to provide benefits while avoiding risks like hypoventilation.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
OXYGEN DELIVERY DEVICES - Dr ADIL FAROOQ
1. Presenter : Dr Adil Farooq
Moderator: Dr Renuka H
Shri B.M. Patil Medical College
Hospital and Research Center,
VIJAYAPUR, KARNATAKA
2. Introduction:
Oxygen is one of the most important drugs you will ever use,
but it is poorly prescribed by medical staff.
In 2000, Nicola Cooper and colleague did survey of treatment
with oxygen.
They first looked at prescriptions of oxygen in postoperative
patients in a large district hospital. They found that there were
many ways used to prescribe oxygen and that the
prescriptions were rarely followed.
3. 1. Documented hypoxemia
In adults, children, and infants older than 28
days, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) of <
60 mmHg or arterial oxygen saturation
(SaO2) of < 90% in subjects breathing
room air.
In neonates, PaO2 < 50 mmHg or SaO2< 88%
or capillary oxygen tension (PcO2)< 40
mmHg
4. 2 . An acute care situation in which hypoxemia is
suspected.
3. Severe trauma.
4. Acute myocardial infarction.
5. Routine surgery
6. Short-term therapy (e.g., post-anesthesia recovery)
7. Anxiety
8. During Childbirth
9. Increased metabolic demands, i.e. burns, multiple
injuries, and severe infections.
5. Three clinical goals of O2 therapy
1. Treat hypoxemia
2. Decrease work of breathing (WOB)
3. Decrease myocardial Work
6. Need is determined by measurement of inadequate oxygen
tensions or saturations, by invasive or noninvasive methods,
or the presence of clinical indicators as previously described.
Arterial blood gases
Pulse oximetry
Clinical presentation
7. FACTORS THAT DETERMINE WHICH SYSTEM
TO USE
1. Patient comfort / acceptance by the Patient
2. The level of FiO2 that is needed
3. The requirement that the FiO2 be controlled
within a certain range
4. The level of humidification and nebulization
5. Minimal resistance to breathing
6. Efficient & economical use of oxygen
8. Based on performance of device
A. Fixed performance -Venturi mask
B. Variable performance -Nasal prongs,
Face mask
Based on Flow delivered by device
A. High flow - Venturi mask
B. Low flow -Nasal prongs,
Face mask,
Partial and Non
Rebreathing bag,
Tracheostomy mask.
9. Based on Patient:
Patient Dependent -Face mask
Nasal prongs
Nasopharyngeal catheters
CPAP
Patient independent -Ventilators
Based on degree of dependency:
Low dependency -Face mask, Nasal prongs
Medium dependency -CPAP
High Dependency -Non Invasive and Invasive
Positive pressure Ventilation
10. Oxygen is provided at a certain flow rate in
L/minute.
The patient’s rate and depth of breathing
determines the FiO2 and is mostly not fixed at
a fixed flow rate.
i.e Fast and deep breathing results into lower
FiO2 because it draw more room air into lungs
and thus dilutes the inspiratory gas and oxygen
concentration.
11.
12. Variable performance, low flow device with no
capacity.
A flow rate of 0–6 L/minute can be used with nasal
cannula depending upon the size of patient and
requirement of oxygen.
At flow rate of more than 6 L/minute does not help in
improving oxygenation and of no use.
Above a flow rate of 4 L/minute (without
humidification) there is increased chance of nasal
irritation
In neonates and infants (flow rate 0.025–1.0 L/minute). Nasal
cannula can be considered a high-flow device for infants and
neonates because inspiratory flow rate for infants and neonates
is very low.
14. Advantages Disadvantages
Inexpensive Pressure sores
well tolerated, comfortable Crusting of secretions
easy to eat, drink,speak Drying of mucosa
used in pt with COPD Epistaxis
15. Variable performance, low flow device with no
capacity.
Catheter size 8-14 FG
Catheter should be well lubricated prior to insertion.
Depth of insertion should be equal to the distance from
Alae Nasi to the Tragus.
Disadvantages
Not commonly used because
Hygenic care is difficult
Skin irritation
Pain in the frontal sinus
16. Low flow, variable performance,
small capacity device.
The placing of mask over the
patient’s face increases the size of
the oxygen reservoir beyond the
limits of the anatomic reservoir
;therefore a higher FiO2 can be
delivered.
The oxygen flow must be run at a
sufficient rate, usually 4 ltr/min or
more to prevent rebreathing of
exhaled gases.
17. Oxygen is delivered through a 7 mm diameter oxygen
tubing from oxygen source.
This is most commonly used in post-anesthesia care
units in patients recovering from anesthesia.
This is always recommended for short-term use in
patients with chronic lung disease for acute hypoxic
breathlessness.
O2 flow rate(ltr/min) FiO2
5-6 40%
6-7 50%
7-8 60%
It should be better used with some humidification
device if planned for prolonged use or used in pediatric
or neonatal patients.
18. Advantages: simple, lightweight, FiO2 upto 60%, can be used
with humidity
Disadvantages: need to remove when speak, eat, drink,
vomiting, expectoration of secretions, drying / irritation of
eyes, uncomfortable when facial burns / trauma application
problem when RT in situ
19. Low flow, variable, medium capacity device.
It is connected to a nebulizer
It delivers water/drug in Aerosol form.
Max FiO2 estimated is 50%
20. •High oxygen , Low flow, variable
performance Device
• FLOW 6-10 L/min can provide 40-70%
O2
•Bag should be half to 1/3rd full on
inspiration
Advantages:exhaled oxygen from anatomic
dead space is conserved.
Disadvantages: insufficient flow rate may
lead to rebreathing of CO2, claustrophobia;
drying and irritation of eyes
21. Features:
unidirectional valve system to
prevent mixing of expired gases
and fresh gas flow.
Fio2 60-80% with 10L/min.
High flow to prevent rebreathing
Disadvantage:
Humidification system is not used so
long term oxygenation causes nasal
and oral mucosal irritation.
22. Low flow,
variable performance,
low capacity device.
These are same as simple face
mask used at tracheostomy site
in patients with permanent or
temporary tracheostomy.
23. The minimum flow rate required as in facemask is 3–4
L/minute to prevent expired gas rebreathing, carbon
dioxide accumulation.
The delivered FiO2 is highly variable based on the
patient’s inspiratory flow, fitting of mask and patient’s
respiratory rate and pattern.
24.
25. High-flow or fixed performance oxygen therapy
devices provide oxygen at a certain concentration or
FiO2.
With a properly functioning device and proper set up of
device, fixed or pre determined FiO2 is always
available to the patient.
If patient’s inspiratory demand exceeds the output of
this device, it can no longer be classified as “high-
flow” and FiO2 will decrease.
26. A Venturi is a simple design of valve that uses high-
flow oxygen supplied through a narrow port which
allows room air to be drawn in from atmosphere
The rate of flow generated by this Venturi mask may be
equal to peak inspiratory flow of patient.
There are coloured dilutor jets which deliver a
particular FiO2 (24–50% depending upon the use of
dilutor jet) at a particular flow rate set.
27. Venturi Mask is most commonly used for chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease patients requiring
a specific FiO2 that will not fluctuate with
changes in breathing pattern
And also may be used in patient during weaning
from long-term oxygen therapy to gradually
lower the FiO2.
Long-term and high-flow dilutor mostly need
humidification device to be used.
HAFOE- this system is also called as High
airflow with oxygen enrithment.
28. •The Bernoulli effect describes the
change in pressure that occurs
when a fluid flows through a
constriction.
•The Venturi principle uses this
phenomenon to allow a second
fluid to be entrained into the stream
of the first, either through a side
arm that opens into the area of low
pressure or via a co-axial
arrangement
30. Venturi valve
Color FiO2 O2 Flow
Blue 24% 2 L/min
White 28% 4 L/min
Orange 31% 6 L/min
Yellow 35% 8 L/min
Red 40% 10 L/min
Green 60% 15 L/min
31. Multi-vent Venturi mask is an adjustable
Venturi mask, in which, in same mask it is
possible to use different flow rate and desired
FiO2 for changing oxygen requirement.
It has color coded air-entrainment
32. The amount of FiO2 provided by this is almost 100%
(no oxygen dilution) and patients requiring this amount
of oxygen are generally having critical oxygenation
problems and they should be either in intensive care
units or high dependency units.
33. Face tent Mask
•The face tent mask provides
oxygen to the nose and mouth
without the discomfort of a
mask.
• It has an added. advantage to
be used for patients with facial
trauma or burns.
• A face tent delivers oxygen
concentrations of 28% to 100%
with flow rates from 8 to 12
L/min.
34. A t-tube is a t-shaped
device with a piece that
connects the oxygen
source to the artificial
airway (endotracheal
tube or tracheostomy).
The recommended flow
rate when using a t-tube
is 10 L/min, with a
nebulizer set at the
appropriate oxygen
concentration.
35. Transtracheal oxygen
•Can be used in long term Oxygen
Therapy in COPD patients.
•Sleep Apnoea Syndrome.
•Cosmetically Accepted.
36. Oxygen hood
Aerodynamic design allows
consistent and even flow of
oxygen to baby.
Maintains stable temperature.
Fully transparent allows clear
view of baby.
Oxygen concentrations of 80 to
90% can be achieved with oxygen
flow rates of 10 to 15 L/min
37. Oxygen hood
Oxygen enters the
hood through a gas
inlet.
Exhaled gas exits
through the opening
at the neck.
38. Oxygen tent
•An oxygen tent is a bendable
piece of clear plastic held over
child's bed or crib by a frame.
•The plastic is then tucked
under the mattress.
•Child can move around on
his bed without having to
wear an oxygen mask
• humidity helps prevent the
loss of water from child's
body as he breathes.
41. Nasal cannulae and nasopharyngeal catheters are used
to provide low level supplemental oxygen. They are
also used to supplement oxygen in patients who are
being fed so that there is no interruption in oxygen
supplementation.
Simple oxygen masks are used to provide supplemental
oxygen in the moderate range (0.35 to 0.50, depending
on size and minute ventilation) for short periods of time
(e.g., during procedures, for transport, in emergency
situations).
42. Air-entrainment nebulizers, can be used when high
levels of humidity or aerosol are desired.
Partial rebreathing masks are used to conserve the
oxygen supply when higher concentrations (FiO2 > 0.4,
< 0.6) are warranted (e.g. during transport).
Non-rebreathing masks are used to deliver
concentrations > 0.60.
Venturi masks are used when precise FiO2 has to be
delivered e.g. COPD.