Comprehensive presentation on Normal & abnormal hemoglobin derivatives for medical ,dental ,biotechnology & pharmacology students Comparison of molecular aspects & absorption spectra of normal & Meth-Hb are illustrated. Congenital & acquired Meth hemoglobinemia is described. briefly.Treatment of Meth-hemoglobinemia is presented along with its biochemical basis.Formation & clinical manifestations of Carboxy-hemoglobinemia is illustrated.Identification of Carboxy-hemoglobin in a diagnostic laboratory has been described for perusal of technologists.Google images are used to convey the aspect in a lucid way.
challenges in interpreting abnormal hemoglobin study- the key is to correlate with patient age, ethnicity,RBC indices & morphology findings. Two tier approach for correct characterization of abnormal hemoglobins of HPLC &/or capillary electrophoresis.
billirubin production billirubin transport and metabolism, different laboratory methods of billirubin estimation ,normal and abnormal levels of billirubin, different classification and types of jaundice and liver diseses, liver functioning, enterohepatic circulation, billirubin production and degradation, benefits and diseases of abnormal level of billirubin
challenges in interpreting abnormal hemoglobin study- the key is to correlate with patient age, ethnicity,RBC indices & morphology findings. Two tier approach for correct characterization of abnormal hemoglobins of HPLC &/or capillary electrophoresis.
billirubin production billirubin transport and metabolism, different laboratory methods of billirubin estimation ,normal and abnormal levels of billirubin, different classification and types of jaundice and liver diseses, liver functioning, enterohepatic circulation, billirubin production and degradation, benefits and diseases of abnormal level of billirubin
For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
A comprehensive presentation on Hemoglobin chemistry for medical ,dental ,biotechnology ,Life sciences ,& pharmacology students. Presentation includes structure & functions of a normal hemoglobin molecule.Bohr's effect along with allosteric modulators of hemoglobin for oxygen transport are illustrated.Molecular changes ,types,diagnosis, Management & inheritance of Sickle cell anemia is described .Types , mutations involved ,diagnosis ,inhertance & Management of Thalassemia disease is presented here . Presentation also involves other hemoglobinopathies Hb C/D/E /Lepore/Wyane etc.Changes in oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin after formation of Carboxy Hemoglobin is illustrated . Formation of Meth-Hb in vivo & in vitro is described along with its genetic & diagnostic aspects.Unstable variants & chronic Heinz body anemia are described briefly .Text is supported by Google images.
Thalassemia Care and Research
Elliott Vichinsky, M.D.
January 18, 2014
Thalassemia Patient and Family Conference
Northern California Comprehensive Thalassemia Center
Children's Hospital Oakland
Global distribution and description of the thalassemia disorders, treatment and complications.
the presentation contain ways used to estimate proteins, this presentation prepared by TONNYBITE, a student from KILIMANJARO CHRISTIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, TANZANIA
Hemoglubin is are carrier protein for oxygen and CO2. it a pigmented and globular protein present within the red blood cell, its structure, synthesis, and how it function in the transportation of oxygen and CO2 are given in this presentation
Concepts of acid base balance and its disorders are very important for practice of medicine.It is for the benefit of medical and students of allied fields.
Hemoglobin is red color blood pigment, present in red blood cells (erythrocytes).
It is a chromoprotein, containing heme as the prosthetic group & globin as the protein part-apoprotein.
It is a tetrameric protein & molecular weight about 67,000 dalton.
Each gram of Hb contains 3.4 mg of iron.
Estimation of Hemoglobin (hb) by Pandian M, Tutor, Dept of Physiology, DYPMCK...Pandian M
What is Hemoglobin?
Practical
Requirements
How to prepare N/10 Hcl
Procedure
Observation & Result
Oxygen carrying capacity
Iron Content
Advantage & Disadvantage
Normal Levels
Questions
Biotin (vitamin b7) biological functions, clinical indications and its techn...rohini sane
An illustrative presentation on Biotin (Vitamin B7), clinical indications and technological applications for Medical, Dental, Pharmacology & Biotechnology students to facilitate easy- learning.
An illustrative and lucid presentation on Scurvy (deficiency of vitamin C) for Medical, Dental, Pharmacology & Biotechnology students to facilitate easy- learning.
An illustrative presentation on Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) and Scurvy for Medical, Dental, Pharmacology & Biotechnology students to facilitate easy- learning.
An illustrative presentation on Microscopic examination of Urine for Medical, Dental, Pharmacology and Biotechnology students to facilitate easy- learning and self-study..
Urinalysis for detection of abnormal constituentsrohini sane
An illustrative presentation on Urinalysis for detection of abnormal constituents for medical ,dental , pharmacology and biotechnology students to facilitate easy-learning.
Urinalysis for detection of normal inorganic and organic constituentsrohini sane
An illustrative presentation on urinalysis for detection of normal inorganic and organic constituents for medical, dental , pharmacology and biotechnology students to facilitate easy-learning.
Biochemical kidney function tests with their clinical applicationsrohini sane
An illustrative presentation on Biochemical kidney function tests with their clinical applications for medical ,dental, pharmacology and biotechnology student to facilitate easy-learning.
A comprehensive presentation on Total parenteral nutrition(TPN) to facilitate easy -learning for medical , dental , pharmacology and biotechnology students.
Nutritional management of clinical disordersrohini sane
A lucid presentation Nutritional management of clinical disorders to facilitate easy-learning for medical , dental , pharmacology and biotechnology students.
Nutritional importance of vitamins and mineralsrohini sane
A lucid presentation on Nutritional importance of vitamins and minerals for medical , dental , pharmacology and biotechnology students to facilitate easy-learning.
A lucid presentation on Basal metabolic rate ( BMR) and nutrition for medical ,dental ,pharmacology and biotechnology students to facilitate easy-learning.
Physical activity of the human body and nutritionrohini sane
A lucid presentation on Physical activity of the human body and Nutrition for medical ,dental ,pharmacology and biotechnology students for easy learning.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
5. Meth Hemoglobin –Meth- Hb
• Concentration of serum Meth- Hb= ( < 1% )
• Brown color of dried blood ( Meth –Hb ) & meat ( meth- myoglobin )
Normal Hemoglobin Meth- Hb
synthesis by oxygenation synthesis by oxidation ( BY H2O2 ,free radicals
,drugs )
O ₂ loosely binds Fails to bind to O ₂ ( H₂O molecule occupies O ₂
site in Heme )
Fe ²⁺ state ( Ferrous ) –no oxidation of Fe
²⁺ ( ferrous ) to ferric ( Fe³⁺ )
Fe ²⁺ Fe³⁺
11. Concentration of serum Meth Hb > 1%
(normal < 1% )
Decrease capacity for oxygen binding therefore
transport
Increase concentration of Meth –Hb (Cyanosis )
Meth Hemoglobinaemia ( acquired or congenital)
12. Congenital Meth Hemoglobinaemia
• Hemoglobin M ( proximal or distal Histidine of α or β globin chain
replaced by Tyrosine
• Deficiency of cytochrome b5 reductase
• 10-15% Hb as Meth –Hb ( normal < 1% )
13. Histidine -----------------------------Histidine
•58 distal 87 proximal
Histidine ------------------------------Histidine
•63 distal 92 proximal
α Globin chain
β Globin chain
Mutation in hemoglobin- Histidine to Tyr ( formation of Meth-Hb )
14. Acquired or Toxic Meth Hemoglobinaemia
1. Drinking of water contain Aniline dyes or nitrates
2. Drugs –Acetaminophen, Phenacein, Sulphanilamide ,Amyl nitrite ,
Na- nitroprusside
3. Person with G-6 –PD deficiency
16. MANIFESTATION OF DISEASE EASILY
TREATMENT – SMALL DOSES OF REDUCING AGENTS
DECREASE IN METH-Hb Hb ( inadequate )
5% NADPH dependent Meth Hb reductase
17. Meth –Hemoglobinaemia
Treatment of Acquired Meth –Hemoglobinaemia
2mg/ body Kg weight intravenous leucomethylene blue substitute
for NADPH
Preparation of Meth –Hb in laboratory
5 drops of blood + sodium Ferri-cyanide (oxidizing agent ) formation
of Meth hemoglobin (brown )-dark band at 633 nm (red region )
Preparation of Reduced –Hb in laboratory
5 drops of blood + Sodium dithionite reduced Hb ( purple )
reversible reaction ( reversed by atmospheric oxygen )
19. • ( a )
Ascorbic
acid
• (200- 500
mg/day)
• (b )
Methylene
blue
• -200-500
mg/day
• Gene
therapy
Treatment of Meth Hemoglobinaemia
Decrease level of Meth –Hb to 5-10% (cyanosis reversed)
20. Carboxy –Hb (CO-Hb )
Carbon monoxide ( CO )
1. produced by incomplete combustion –occupational hazard
2. Colorless
3. Odorless
4. Tasteless
5. Toxic industrial pollutant
6. Affinity of CO for Hemoglobin is 200 more than that for Oxygen( O₂ )
7. NORMAL INDIVIDUAL SMOKER
CONCENTRATION OF CO –Hb < 0.16 gm % > 4 gm%
One cigarette 10-20 ml of CO in Lungs
22. Clinical manifestation of increased CO
1. Conc of CO-Hb > 20 gm%
2.Head ache
3. Nausea
4.Vommitting
5. Breathlessness
6. Irritability
7. 40-60 % saturation of Hb with CO DEATH
8.
23.
24. Identification of CO-Hb by absorption spectroscopy
• Band pattern for normal Hb & CO –Hb similar ( band 580 & 540nm )
Normal Hb
Reduced Hb
Oxy – Hb Deoxy Hb
Entry of O₂ Oxy – Hb
reformed (reversible )
Carboxy Hb
Fails to form Reduced Hb
Carboxy Hb
(CO high affinity for Hb )
Na- Dithionite
vigorous shaking
