The document discusses chemical names and formulas. It explains that atoms can be neutral or ions with positive or negative charges. Compounds can be either molecular compounds made of nonmetal molecules or ionic compounds made of metal and nonmetal ions. Chemical formulas show the types and numbers of atoms in the smallest unit of a substance, whether a molecule or formula unit. The document also provides examples of naming common cations, anions, and polyatomic ions according to standard conventions by indicating charges or changing endings.

1. Making Sense of the ingredients label! Chemical Names & Formulas

2. Atoms and ions Atoms are electrically neutral. Same number of protons and electrons. Ions atoms, or groups of atoms, with a charge. Different numbers of protons and electrons. Only electrons can move. Gain or lose electrons.

3. Anion A negative ion. Has gained electrons. Non metals can gain electrons. Charge is written as a super script on the right. F -1 Has gained one electron O -2 Has gained two electrons

4. Cations Positive ions. Formed by losing electrons. More protons than electrons. Metals form cations. K +1 Has lost one electron Ca +2 Has lost two electrons

5. Compounds Follow the Law of Definite Proportion. Have a constant composition. Have to add the same number of atoms every time. Two types.

6. Two Types of Compounds Molecular compounds Made of molecules. Made by joining nonmetal atoms together into molecules.

7. Two Types of Compounds Ionic Compounds Made of cations and anions. Metals and nonmetals. The electrons lost by the cation are gained by the anion. The cation and anions surround each other. Smallest piece is a FORMULA UNIT.

8. Two Types of Compounds Smallest piece Melting Point State Types of elements Formula Unit Molecule Metal and Nonmetal Nonmetals solid Solid, liquid or gas High >300ºC Low <300ºC Ionic Molecular

9. Chemical Formulas Shows the kind and number of atoms in the smallest piece of a substance. Molecular formula number and kinds of atoms in a molecule. CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6

10. Formula Unit The smallest whole number ratio of atoms in an ionic compound.

11. Charges on ions For most of the Group A elements, the Periodic Table can tell what kind of ion they will form from their location. Elements in the same group have similar properties. Including the charge when they are ions.

12. +2 +1 +3 -3 -2 -1

13. What about the others? We have to figure those out some other way. More on this later.

14. Naming ions Two methods Stock System & Classical Cation- if the charge is always the same (Group A) just write the name of the metal. Transition metals can have more than one type of charge. Indicate the charge with roman numerals in parenthesis.

15. Name these Na +1 Ca +2 Al +3 Fe +3 Fe +2 Pb +2 Li +1 Sodium ion Calcium ion Aluminum ion Iron (III) ion / Ferric ion Iron (II) ion / Ferrous ion Lead (II) ion / Plumbous ion Lithium ion

16. Write Formulas for these Potassium ion Magnesium ion Copper (II) ion Chromic ion Barium ion Mercury (II) ion K +1 Mg +2 Cu +2 Cr +3 Ba +2 Hg +2

17. Naming Anions Anions are always the same. Change the element ending to – ide F -1 Fluorine

18. Naming Anions Anions are always the same. Change the element ending to – ide F -1 Fluorin

19. Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F -1 Fluori

20. Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F -1 Fluor

21. Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F -1 Fluor i

22. Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F -1 Fluor id

23. Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F -1 Fluor ide

24. Name these Cl -1 N -3 Br -1 O -2 Ga +3 Chloride Nitride Bromide Oxide Gallium Ion *Gotcha*

25. Write these Sulfide iodide phosphide Strontium ion S -2 I -1 P -3 Sr +2

26. Polyatomic ions Groups of atoms that stay together and have a charge. You must memorize these. Acetate C 2 H 3 O 2 -1 Nitrate NO 3 -1 Nitrite NO 2 -1 Hydroxide OH -1 Permanganate MnO 4 -1 Cyanide CN -1

27. Polyatomic ions Sulfate SO 4 -2 Sulfite SO 3 -2 Carbonate CO 3 -2 Chromate CrO 4 -2 Dichromate Cr 2 O 7 -2 Phosphate PO 4 -3 Phosphite PO 3 -3 Ammonium NH 4 +1