An ionic compound is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Ions with opposite charges are attracted to each other, forming an ionic bond. Transition metals can form multiple stable ionic states due to their complex electron configurations. Polyatomic ions contain multiple atoms that travel together and are indicated using brackets. Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms by sharing electrons rather than transferring them.

2. • A ionic compound is created when an atom gains or
loses electrons in order to get a stable configuration.
• They become ionic compounds because of electrostatics
(opposites attract.)
• Positively charged metals are called cations, while
negatively charged non-metals are called anions.
• When a bond is formed between the two molecules it is
called an ionic bond.
• To name ionic compounds, always list the metal first and
then the non-metal. The non-metal endings change to
“ide”

3. • Transition metals are in group 3 or higher in the periodic table.
This includes the metaloids.
• They can find multiple stable states because of their complex
electron configuration.
• Because transition metals can have multiple ionic states, we
need to use Roman Numerals to indicate its ionic state.
• When naming transition metal compounds, we have to figure
out the ionic state using the formula:
(# metal) (charge metal) + (#non-metal) (charge non-metal) to
indicate the ionic state.

4. • Polyatomic compounds come from the word poly meaning
many. Polyatomic compounds are ions made up of many
atoms.
• Some combinations of atoms provide stability but result in an
overall change. In order to become neutral molecules, they
combine with other ions.
• Polyatomic atoms “travel” as a group. If there is more than
one ion in a group, indicate it by using brackets.
• If an ionic compound does not end in “ide,” it contains a
polyatomic compound.
• If the ionic compound doesn’t end in “ide,” look for the
polyatomic ion. Ammonium is the only “metal” polyatomic
compound.

5. • The prefix term “Co” means together. “Valent”
means outer orbit. When combined, you get
“covalent” which means to share an outer orbit.
• Covalent bonding occurs between two non-metal
atoms.
• In covalent bonding, electrons are shared instead of
exchanged.
• Covalent molecules have multiple possible ratios
where as ionic compounds have specific ratios.

6. • There are Latin prefixes on all compounds.
They include:
- “mon(o)” means one (don’t use on first
molecule)
- “di” means two
- “tri” means three
- “tetra” means four
- “penta” means five

8. Loses 2
electrons
+2
Gains 1
electron
-1
2 flourine atoms are needed The two elements in this
for every calcium atom. The compound are calcium
formula for the ionic and flourine. The
compound is CaF compound name is
Calcium Floride.

9. To find the formula for
polyatomic compounds, first
write the symbols, then write the
charge. Make the charges even
to get a neutral charge.

10. Carbon Monoxide The Latin prefixes on the
second non-metal show the
CO number of atoms in each
element.
Although the two
compounds contain the
Carbon Dioxide same elements, they are
two different substances.
CO 2
The element furthest left or
the one nearest to the top is
the first element listed in a
covalent compound.

11. Common food and household
products
• Salt (sodium chloride)- NaCl
• Sugars – glucose: C 6 H12 O 6
- sucrose: C12 H 22O11
- fructose: C 6 H12 O 6
• Ammonia – NH3