This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including different network topologies, types of networks, and common networking devices. It discusses peer-to-peer and client-server network models. Topologies covered include ring, bus, star, mesh, and tree. Wide area networks and local area networks are defined. Common networking devices like repeaters, bridges, routers, switches, and network interface cards are also explained.

1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH BENEFICENT THE MERCIFUL.

2. PRESENTED BY MUHAMMAD JUNAID ABBASI F.G POSTGRADUATE COLLEGE H/8 ISLAMABAD.

3. In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. What is Networking?

12. Comparison of Topologies Requires more expense in cabling and extra effort to track down cable faults. Computers are connected to each other, which provides redundancy. Mesh The central device is a single point of failure. All computers are connected to a central device, which provides more resilience for the network Star If one station experiences a problem, it can negatively affect surrounding computers on the same ring All computers are connected by a unidirectional transmission link, and the cable is in a closed loop Ring If one station experience a problem ,it can negatively affect surrounding computers on the same cable. Uses a linear single cable for all computers linear, If one station experiences a problem it attached. All traffic travels the full cable and can be viewed by all other computers. Bus Problems Characteristics Topology

25. THANK`S ANY QUESTION