This topic is related to computer network in these topic How the computers are communicate each other through the different connections and the data transfer between them.The adavantages and disadvantages of these topologies..
A computer network connects two or more computers together to share resources and communicate. There are different types of networks depending on geographic size: local area networks (LANs) spanning a small area like a home or office, metropolitan area networks (MANs) spanning a city, and wide area networks (WANs) connecting across regions. The topology refers to how the computers are interconnected and common topologies include bus, star, ring, tree and mesh. Factors like cost, cable length needs, growth plans and cable type influence which topology to choose for a network.
A computer network connects multiple computers and devices to allow communication and sharing of resources. There are different types of networks including local area networks (LANs) within a single building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) within a city, and wide area networks (WANs) across large distances like countries. Common network topologies include bus, ring, star, tree and mesh configurations. Computer networks enable file sharing, printer sharing, collaboration, remote access, data protection, and centralized administration.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking devices. It begins by defining what a computer network is, including that it allows connected devices like computers, scanners and printers to exchange data. It then covers common network topologies like bus, star, ring and tree and compares their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it discusses important networking devices like routers, switches, hubs and modems that allow devices to connect and transmit data within a computer network.
This document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and different types of networks like LAN, MAN, and WAN. It then covers network topologies, describing physical topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid topologies. It also discusses common networking devices like routers, switches, hubs, bridges and others. Finally, it covers some common networking cables used like coaxial cable, Ethernet cable and optical fiber cable.
This document provides an overview of computer networks, including their basic components and classifications. It discusses the different types of networks like PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN and how they are defined by their size and coverage area. Various network architectures like client-server, peer-to-peer and hybrid are also outlined. Finally, common network topologies such as bus, star, ring, mesh and tree are defined along with how they structure the interconnection of nodes.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including different network topologies, types of networks, and common networking devices. It discusses peer-to-peer and client-server network models. Topologies covered include ring, bus, star, mesh, and tree. Wide area networks and local area networks are defined. Common networking devices like repeaters, bridges, routers, switches, and network interface cards are also explained.
A computer network connects two or more computers together to share resources and communicate. There are different types of networks depending on geographic size: local area networks (LANs) spanning a small area like a home or office, metropolitan area networks (MANs) spanning a city, and wide area networks (WANs) connecting across regions. The topology refers to how the computers are interconnected and common topologies include bus, star, ring, tree and mesh. Factors like cost, cable length needs, growth plans and cable type influence which topology to choose for a network.
A computer network connects multiple computers and devices to allow communication and sharing of resources. There are different types of networks including local area networks (LANs) within a single building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) within a city, and wide area networks (WANs) across large distances like countries. Common network topologies include bus, ring, star, tree and mesh configurations. Computer networks enable file sharing, printer sharing, collaboration, remote access, data protection, and centralized administration.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking devices. It begins by defining what a computer network is, including that it allows connected devices like computers, scanners and printers to exchange data. It then covers common network topologies like bus, star, ring and tree and compares their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it discusses important networking devices like routers, switches, hubs and modems that allow devices to connect and transmit data within a computer network.
This document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and different types of networks like LAN, MAN, and WAN. It then covers network topologies, describing physical topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid topologies. It also discusses common networking devices like routers, switches, hubs, bridges and others. Finally, it covers some common networking cables used like coaxial cable, Ethernet cable and optical fiber cable.
This document provides an overview of computer networks, including their basic components and classifications. It discusses the different types of networks like PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN and how they are defined by their size and coverage area. Various network architectures like client-server, peer-to-peer and hybrid are also outlined. Finally, common network topologies such as bus, star, ring, mesh and tree are defined along with how they structure the interconnection of nodes.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including different network topologies, types of networks, and common networking devices. It discusses peer-to-peer and client-server network models. Topologies covered include ring, bus, star, mesh, and tree. Wide area networks and local area networks are defined. Common networking devices like repeaters, bridges, routers, switches, and network interface cards are also explained.
computer networking and its application pptNitesh Dubey
This document provides an overview of computer networks, including definitions, types, architectures, topologies, and applications. It defines a computer network as a system of interconnected computers that allows for the transfer of information. The three main types of networks discussed are local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs are smallest in size and cover a small physical area like a home or office, while WANs are the largest and span large distances like countries. Client-server and peer-to-peer are described as the two main network architectures. The document also outlines different network topologies including bus, star, ring, tree and mesh, and provides examples of
The document describes various network topologies. It discusses physical and logical topologies. Common topologies described include star, mesh, bus, ring, tree, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it provides details on the structure and provides advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses extended star, distributed star, full mesh, partial mesh, linear bus, distributed bus, dual ring, point to point, and point to multipoint variations of the topologies.
This document provides a summary of a case study of the computer network at a Kotak Mahindra Bank branch in Dombivali. The network uses a star topology with switches to connect 20 computers and multiple shared laser printers. Data transmission between the nodes occurs via serial transmission over category 5 unshielded twisted pair cabling terminated with RJ-45 connectors. The network employs packet switching and uses a local area network configuration to allow sharing of resources between devices.
The document introduces computer networking concepts including definitions, advantages, disadvantages, classifications and topologies. It defines a network as connecting computers to share resources. Local area networks connect computers in a small area like a building, while wide area networks connect LANs across cities/countries. Key networking hardware includes network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers and switches.
A computer network allows sharing of resources and information by connecting computers and hardware through communication channels. There are different types of networks including LAN, WLAN, WAN, and SAN. Network topologies determine how devices are physically connected and include point-to-point, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid configurations.
This document discusses different types of computer networks and network topologies. It describes Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), and other specific types of networks. It also outlines common network topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. Physical, logical, and signal topologies are defined. Details are provided on how each topology configures and connects different network nodes.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on data communication. The syllabus covers 10 chapters, including introductions to data communications and networks, network models, data and signals, digital and analog transmission, multiplexing, transmission media, and error handling. It provides definitions and explanations of key concepts such as data, data communication systems, network topologies (mesh, star, bus, ring, hybrid), categories of networks (LAN, MAN, WAN, internetworks), protocols, standards organizations, and Internet standards development.
1) A computer network connects computers together to share resources like printers, files, and internet connections. Networks can be local-area networks within a building or wide-area networks spanning cities.
2) Common network topologies include star, bus, ring, tree and mesh. Star networks connect devices to a central hub while bus networks use a common backbone cable. Ring networks transmit messages in one direction around a closed loop.
3) Computer networks allow for resource sharing, improved communication and availability of information, though they also present security risks and require maintenance of hardware and software.
This document discusses network architecture and provides details on:
- The four basic types of network topologies: point-to-point, bus, star, and ring.
- The seven layer OSI model and what each layer is responsible for in network communication.
- A comparison between the OSI model and the TCP/IP model, explaining their different approaches to network architecture and protocols.
The document discusses various network architectures including Token Ring, Ethernet, FDDI, AppleTalk, ARCNET, and MAN systems. Token Ring uses a logical ring topology and token passing for data transfer. It has advantages like no data collisions but disadvantages if links are malfunctioning. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD and can use any physical topology. FDDI provides high performance over fiber optic cables in a token ring architecture. AppleTalk was an early client-server system for Macintosh. ARCNET uses token passing over coaxial cable and supports up to 255 nodes. MAN connects different LANs over large distances.
In computer networking, topology refers to the layout of connected devices.
In communication networks, a topology is a usually schematic description of the arrangement of a network,
including its nodes and connecting lines. There are two ways of defining network geometry: the physical topology
and the logical (or signal) topology.
This document contains answers to questions about data communication systems and network topologies. It defines the five components of a data communication system as the sender, receiver, transmission medium, message, and protocol. It also discusses the advantages of distributed processing and different network topologies like mesh, star, bus, and ring. It provides information on the number of cable links required for each topology and factors that determine if a communication system is a LAN or WAN.
The document discusses basics of computer networks. It defines data communication and its key characteristics like delivery, accuracy and timeliness. The basic components of a communication model are identified as the message, protocol, sender, receiver and transmission medium. Different data types like text, numbers, images, audio and video are represented as bit patterns for transmission. Types of networks like personal area network, local area network, wide area network, campus area network and metropolitan area network are classified based on their geographical span, interconnectivity, administration and architecture.
This document discusses networking concepts including unicast, multicast, and broadcast communication. It describes common network topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh. It also covers physical network components like coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, connectors, switches, and routers. Specific cabling standards like Ethernet are explained along with the OSI model layers and TCP/IP addressing.
A network connects two or more computers together to allow sharing of resources and information. There are several types of networks including local area networks (LANs) within a building and wide area networks (WANs) connecting locations further apart. Networks can be configured in different topologies like bus, star, or ring and use various transmission media such as twisted pair cables, coaxial cable, or fiber optic cables to transmit data. Common network types include peer-to-peer networks with equal access between computers and client-server networks with dedicated server computers providing resources to client computers.
The document discusses different network topologies. It defines network and network topology, and lists common topologies including star, bus, and ring. For each topology, it describes the basic structure and provides advantages and disadvantages. The star topology connects all devices to a central hub, and advantages are easy installation and fault detection, while a single hub failure disables the network. The bus topology uses a main backbone cable to connect all devices, and advantages are easy connection and less cable, but a cable break shuts down the whole network. The ring topology connects each device directly to the next to form a circular path, and advantages are low cost and easy installation, but removing a device breaks the ring for all devices.
These Slides Is For Computer Sciences Students For Presentation On The Subject Of Computer Networks Hope You Enjoy To Read It & Happily Present This Presentation To Your Class.
This document discusses different types of network topologies, including physical and logical topologies. It describes bus, ring, star, mesh, tree, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it covers features, advantages, and disadvantages. Bus topology has all devices connected to a single cable. Ring topology forms a ring with each device connected to two others. Star topology connects all devices to a central hub. Mesh topology uses point-to-point connections between all devices. Tree topology connects devices in a hierarchical structure below a root node. Hybrid topologies combine two or more topologies.
computer networking and its application pptNitesh Dubey
This document provides an overview of computer networks, including definitions, types, architectures, topologies, and applications. It defines a computer network as a system of interconnected computers that allows for the transfer of information. The three main types of networks discussed are local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs are smallest in size and cover a small physical area like a home or office, while WANs are the largest and span large distances like countries. Client-server and peer-to-peer are described as the two main network architectures. The document also outlines different network topologies including bus, star, ring, tree and mesh, and provides examples of
The document describes various network topologies. It discusses physical and logical topologies. Common topologies described include star, mesh, bus, ring, tree, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it provides details on the structure and provides advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses extended star, distributed star, full mesh, partial mesh, linear bus, distributed bus, dual ring, point to point, and point to multipoint variations of the topologies.
This document provides a summary of a case study of the computer network at a Kotak Mahindra Bank branch in Dombivali. The network uses a star topology with switches to connect 20 computers and multiple shared laser printers. Data transmission between the nodes occurs via serial transmission over category 5 unshielded twisted pair cabling terminated with RJ-45 connectors. The network employs packet switching and uses a local area network configuration to allow sharing of resources between devices.
The document introduces computer networking concepts including definitions, advantages, disadvantages, classifications and topologies. It defines a network as connecting computers to share resources. Local area networks connect computers in a small area like a building, while wide area networks connect LANs across cities/countries. Key networking hardware includes network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers and switches.
A computer network allows sharing of resources and information by connecting computers and hardware through communication channels. There are different types of networks including LAN, WLAN, WAN, and SAN. Network topologies determine how devices are physically connected and include point-to-point, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid configurations.
This document discusses different types of computer networks and network topologies. It describes Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), and other specific types of networks. It also outlines common network topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. Physical, logical, and signal topologies are defined. Details are provided on how each topology configures and connects different network nodes.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on data communication. The syllabus covers 10 chapters, including introductions to data communications and networks, network models, data and signals, digital and analog transmission, multiplexing, transmission media, and error handling. It provides definitions and explanations of key concepts such as data, data communication systems, network topologies (mesh, star, bus, ring, hybrid), categories of networks (LAN, MAN, WAN, internetworks), protocols, standards organizations, and Internet standards development.
1) A computer network connects computers together to share resources like printers, files, and internet connections. Networks can be local-area networks within a building or wide-area networks spanning cities.
2) Common network topologies include star, bus, ring, tree and mesh. Star networks connect devices to a central hub while bus networks use a common backbone cable. Ring networks transmit messages in one direction around a closed loop.
3) Computer networks allow for resource sharing, improved communication and availability of information, though they also present security risks and require maintenance of hardware and software.
This document discusses network architecture and provides details on:
- The four basic types of network topologies: point-to-point, bus, star, and ring.
- The seven layer OSI model and what each layer is responsible for in network communication.
- A comparison between the OSI model and the TCP/IP model, explaining their different approaches to network architecture and protocols.
The document discusses various network architectures including Token Ring, Ethernet, FDDI, AppleTalk, ARCNET, and MAN systems. Token Ring uses a logical ring topology and token passing for data transfer. It has advantages like no data collisions but disadvantages if links are malfunctioning. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD and can use any physical topology. FDDI provides high performance over fiber optic cables in a token ring architecture. AppleTalk was an early client-server system for Macintosh. ARCNET uses token passing over coaxial cable and supports up to 255 nodes. MAN connects different LANs over large distances.
In computer networking, topology refers to the layout of connected devices.
In communication networks, a topology is a usually schematic description of the arrangement of a network,
including its nodes and connecting lines. There are two ways of defining network geometry: the physical topology
and the logical (or signal) topology.
This document contains answers to questions about data communication systems and network topologies. It defines the five components of a data communication system as the sender, receiver, transmission medium, message, and protocol. It also discusses the advantages of distributed processing and different network topologies like mesh, star, bus, and ring. It provides information on the number of cable links required for each topology and factors that determine if a communication system is a LAN or WAN.
The document discusses basics of computer networks. It defines data communication and its key characteristics like delivery, accuracy and timeliness. The basic components of a communication model are identified as the message, protocol, sender, receiver and transmission medium. Different data types like text, numbers, images, audio and video are represented as bit patterns for transmission. Types of networks like personal area network, local area network, wide area network, campus area network and metropolitan area network are classified based on their geographical span, interconnectivity, administration and architecture.
This document discusses networking concepts including unicast, multicast, and broadcast communication. It describes common network topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh. It also covers physical network components like coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, connectors, switches, and routers. Specific cabling standards like Ethernet are explained along with the OSI model layers and TCP/IP addressing.
A network connects two or more computers together to allow sharing of resources and information. There are several types of networks including local area networks (LANs) within a building and wide area networks (WANs) connecting locations further apart. Networks can be configured in different topologies like bus, star, or ring and use various transmission media such as twisted pair cables, coaxial cable, or fiber optic cables to transmit data. Common network types include peer-to-peer networks with equal access between computers and client-server networks with dedicated server computers providing resources to client computers.
The document discusses different network topologies. It defines network and network topology, and lists common topologies including star, bus, and ring. For each topology, it describes the basic structure and provides advantages and disadvantages. The star topology connects all devices to a central hub, and advantages are easy installation and fault detection, while a single hub failure disables the network. The bus topology uses a main backbone cable to connect all devices, and advantages are easy connection and less cable, but a cable break shuts down the whole network. The ring topology connects each device directly to the next to form a circular path, and advantages are low cost and easy installation, but removing a device breaks the ring for all devices.
These Slides Is For Computer Sciences Students For Presentation On The Subject Of Computer Networks Hope You Enjoy To Read It & Happily Present This Presentation To Your Class.
This document discusses different types of network topologies, including physical and logical topologies. It describes bus, ring, star, mesh, tree, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it covers features, advantages, and disadvantages. Bus topology has all devices connected to a single cable. Ring topology forms a ring with each device connected to two others. Star topology connects all devices to a central hub. Mesh topology uses point-to-point connections between all devices. Tree topology connects devices in a hierarchical structure below a root node. Hybrid topologies combine two or more topologies.
This document discusses various network topologies. It begins by defining network topology as the physical or logical arrangement of devices and links in a computer network. It then describes different types of topologies including bus, star, ring, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it provides details on its design as well as advantages and disadvantages. The document provides a comprehensive overview of common network topologies.
This document discusses different network topologies, including physical and logical topologies. It describes point-to-point, bus, ring, star, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. Each topology is defined along with its advantages and disadvantages. For example, the star topology connects all computers to a central hub, making it easy to set up and modify but if the hub fails the whole network fails. The mesh topology connects each device directly to every other device, providing redundancy but requiring many cables. A hybrid topology combines two or more standard topologies to achieve flexibility and scalability but with increased complexity.
IT infrastructure and network technologies for Semi FinalMark John Lado, MIT
This document discusses different network topologies and transmission modes in computer networks. It begins by defining network topology as the schematic arrangement of nodes connected by lines of connection. The main network topologies discussed are bus, ring, star, mesh, tree, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, their features, advantages, and disadvantages are provided. The document also discusses the three transmission modes - simplex, half duplex, and full duplex - and provides examples of each.
What is network topology, Bus, Star, Ring, Tree, Mesh topologyA. S. M. Shafi
Network topologies describe the physical and logical layout of connections between nodes in a network. There are two main types: physical topology, which refers to the physical layout of nodes and cables, and logical topology, which describes how data flows between nodes. Common physical network topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid combinations of these. Each topology has advantages and disadvantages related to scalability, performance, fault tolerance, and cost.
The document describes several common network topologies: bus, ring, star, mesh, and tree. Bus topology connects all nodes to a single cable, making it inexpensive but vulnerable to single points of failure. Ring topology forms a closed loop between nodes, allowing sequential transmission but requiring all nodes to be operational. Star topology uses a central hub to connect all nodes individually, simplifying troubleshooting but relying on the hub. Mesh topology fully connects all nodes for redundancy but at increased cost and complexity. Tree topology branches out from a root hub in a hierarchical structure, facilitating expansion but still posing single point risks.
network topologies bus star hybrid mesh ring tree
detail of all topology
advantages of ring topology
advantages of bus topology
advantages of mesh topology
advantages of star topology
advantages of hybrid topology
advantages of tree topology
This document discusses different network topologies. It defines topology as the arrangement of links, nodes, and other elements in a computer network. There are two main categories: physical and logical topologies. For physical topologies, it describes linear bus, star, tree, ring, and mesh configurations. Each has advantages, like easy installation for stars, and disadvantages, such as a single point of failure for the central hub. Logical topology refers to how information passes between nodes. The document examines characteristics of each physical topology type in detail.
This document discusses different network topologies including bus, star, ring, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. It provides details on the physical structure and flow of data for each topology. Advantages and disadvantages are given for each. Common applications are also listed, such as bus topology being commonly used for computer motherboards and star topology being popular for local area networks. A hybrid topology combines two or more standard topologies and is more complex and costly but also more robust than a single topology.
This document consists of network topologies in computer networking. It entails star, ring, mesh, bus, tree, and hybrid topologies. Their advantages and disadvantages of each topology discussed in detail above.
The best PPT for knowing about the deeply information of topology networks..
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typically design for communication students, and telecom engineers. this slide is consist of basic concept of topology. the use, connections schema, advantages and disadvantages of topology. specially design for beginners and students.
This document discusses different aspects of distributed systems and network topologies. It describes two types of network operating systems: peer-to-peer and client/server. It also defines different network topologies including bus, ring, star, mesh, tree, and hybrid and discusses their key features, advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, it provides a brief definition of communication protocols in distributed systems.
The document discusses different network topologies. It defines topology as the physical or logical layout of a network. Physical topology refers to the actual layout of connected devices, while logical topology refers to the signal flow between devices. The main types of topologies covered are single node, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid. Each has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like cable requirements, fault tolerance, ease of expansion, and cost.
This document discusses network topology, which refers to the arrangement of elements like nodes and links in a communication network. There are several common network topologies including bus, ring, star, mesh, tree, and hybrid. Each has advantages and disadvantages related to aspects like cost, performance, scalability, and fault tolerance. The document provides details on the characteristics of each topology type and their applications in network design.
Network topology refers to the arrangement of elements like nodes, links and peripherals that form a communication network. The key types of network topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh and hybrid. Bus topology uses a single cable to connect all nodes but if it fails the whole network fails. Star topology connects all nodes to a central hub providing easier troubleshooting but a single hub failure disables the network. Ring topology connects each node in a circular fashion allowing orderly flow but a single node failure takes the whole network down. Mesh networks provide robust connectivity through redundant links but have higher implementation costs. Hybrid topologies combine two or more topologies to gain advantages while reducing disadvantages.
This document discusses different network topologies including bus, ring, star, mesh, tree, and hybrid topologies. It provides details on the key features, advantages, and disadvantages of each topology. Bus topology connects all devices to a single cable. Ring topology forms a closed loop with devices connected sequentially. Star topology connects all devices to a central hub. Mesh topology uses a fully connected point-to-point approach. Tree topology connects devices in a hierarchical manner. Hybrid topology combines two or more topologies.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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2. Network Topology is the schematic description of a
network arrangement, connecting various nodes(sender
and receiver) through lines of connection.
Network topologies describe the ways in which the
elements of a network are mapped. They describe the
physical and logical arrangement of the network nodes.
What is a Topology?
3. Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology
Mesh Topology
Hybrid Topology
Tree Topology
Different Types of Topologies
4. Bus topology is a network type in which every
computer and network device is connected to single
cable
it has exactly two endpoints, then it is called Linear
Bus topology, All nodes (file server, workstations, and
peripherals) are connected to the linear cable
Bus Topology
6. Features of Bus Topology
It transmits data only in one direction.
Every device is connected to a single cable
Bus Topology
7. Advantages of Bus Topology
It is Cheap, easy to handle and implement
Require less cable
It is best suited for small networks
Disadvantages of Bus Topology
Cable has a limited length.
It is slower than the ring topology
Cables fails then whole network fails
Bus Topology
8. In a ring network, every device has exactly two
neighbours for communication purposes
It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as
each computer is connected to another computer,
with the last one connected to the first
Ring Topology
10. Features of Ring Topology
The transmission is unidirectional, but it can be
made bidirectional by having 2 connections
between each Network Node, it is called Dual
Ring Topology.
Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is
bit by bit. Data transmitted, has to pass through
each node of the network, till the destination
node.
Ring Topology
11. Advantages of Ring Topology
Easier to Mange than a Bus Network
Good Communication over long distances
Handles high volume of traffic
Disadvantages of Ring Topology
The failure of a single node of the network can
cause the entire network to fail
Adding or deleting the computers disturbs the
network activity
Ring Topology
12. In this type of topology all the computers are
connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is
the central node and all others nodes are connected
to the central node
The hub takes a signal that comes from any node and
passes it along to all the other nodes in the network
Star Topology
14. Features of Star Topology
Every node has its own dedicated connection
to the hub.
Hub acts as a repeater for data flow.
Can be used with twisted pair, Optical Fibre or
coaxial cable.
Star Topology
15. Advantages of Star Topology
Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic.
Hub can be upgraded easily
Only that node is affected which has failed, rest of the
nodes can work smoothly
Disadvantages of Star Topology
Cost of installation is high
If the hub fails then the whole network is stopped because
all the nodes depend on the hub
Star Topology
16. It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or
devices. All the network nodes are connected to each
other
In this type of network, each node may send message
to destination through multiple paths
The data is automatically configured to reach the
destination by taking the shortest route.
Mesh Topology
18. Features of Mesh Topology
Fully connected.
Robust.
Not flexible.
Mesh Topology
19. Advantages of Mesh Topology
Each connection can carry its own data load
Provides security and privacy
It has multiple links, so if one route is blocked
then other routes can be used for data
communication
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
Installation and configuration is difficult.
Cabling cost is more
Mesh Topology
20. A combination of any two or more network
topologies.
For example if in an office in one department ring
topology is used and in another star topology is used,
connecting these topologies will result in Hybrid
Topology (ring topology and star topology).
Hybrid Topology
22. Features of Hybrid Topology
It is a combination of two or topologies
Inherits the advantages and disadvantages of
the topologies included
Hybrid Topology
23. Advantages of Hybrid Topology
Reliable as Error detecting and trouble shooting is
easy.
Effective
It is extremely flexible
Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology
Complex in design.
Costly
Hybrid Topology
24. It has a root node and all other nodes are connected
to it forming a hierarchy. It is also called hierarchical
topology. It should at least have three levels to the
hierarchy.
The tree topology arranges links and nodes into
distinct hierarchies in order to allow greater control
and easier troubleshooting
Tree Topology
26. Features of Tree Topology
Ideal if workstations are located in groups.
Used in Wide Area Network.
Tree Topology
27. Advantages of Tree Topology
Extension of bus and star topologies.
Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
Easily managed and maintained.
Error detection is easily done
Disadvantages of Tree Topology
If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes
down.
Heavily cabled.
Costly
Tree Topology