The document discusses various types of network topologies, including bus, ring, star, mesh, tree, and hybrid topologies, describing their configurations and applications. Each topology has its advantages, such as cost-effectiveness and ease of installation for bus topologies, or flexibility in hybrid topologies, but also presents challenges like complexity and expense. Overall, the document provides an overview of how these different arrangements are utilized in local and wide area networks.

1. Network topologies
By: Anam jabeen

2. DEFINITION
• What is a Topology ?
• The physical topology of a
network refers to the
configuration of cables,
computers and other
peripherals.

3. Types of Topologies
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Bus topology
Ring topology
Star topology
Mesh topology
Tree topology
Hybrid topology

4. Bus Topology
• Popular on LANs because they
are inexpensive and easy to
install.
• Consists of a main run of cable
with a terminator at each end
• All computers and devices
connected to central cable or
bus.

5. Bus topology

6. Ring Topology
• Primarily is used for LANs,
but also is used in WANs.
• Data travels from device to
device around entire ring, in
one direction.
• Cable forms closed ring or
loop, with all computers and
devices arranged along ring.

7. Ring Topology

8. Star Topology
All devices connect to a
central device, called
hub.
All data transferred
from one computer to
another passes through
hub.

9. Star Topology

10. Mesh Topology
• A network setup where each
computer and network device is
interconnected with one another.
• This topology is not commonly
used for most computer networks
as it is difficult and expensive.

11. Mesh Topology

12. Tree topology
• A tree topology combines the
characteristics of bus and star
topologies.
• It consists of different groups of
computers attached in star topology.
• The groups are then connected to a
bus backbone cable.
• Tree topology is used for the
expansion of an existing network.

13. Tree topology

14. Hybrid Topology
• A combination of two or more different
topologies makes a hybrid topology.
• One of the prominent advantages of this
topology is its flexibility
• Since different topologies come together
in a hybrid topology, managing the
topology becomes difficult.
• It is also very expensive to maintain.

15. Hybrid Topology