The document outlines the characteristics, virulence factors, and clinical implications of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including their differentiation based on fermentation capabilities and colonization factors. It discusses laboratory diagnosis methods, including the use of selective media like Thayer-Martin, and the common diseases caused by these bacteria, such as meningitis and urethritis. Vaccination, treatment options, and complications associated with these infections are also highlighted.

1. -DR.AKIF A.B
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

2. Meningococci Gonococci
Capsulated Non capsulated
Lens shape Kidney shape ( G for Gonococci
and G looks like Kidney shape)
Ferments both Glucose and
Maltose (M for Meningococci and
M for Maltose)
Ferments only Glucose (G for
Gonococci and G for Glucose)
Extra/ Intracellular Mostly Intracellular ( Can live
within Neutrophils)
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

3. -Gram –ve diplococci
-Strict aerobe and capnophilic
- stays as commensal in GI and respiratory tract
-Catalase +ve
-Oxidase +ve
-Pili are very important Virulent factor
-Meningococci and Gonococci doesn’t grow at 22*C whereas other species
of Neisseria grows at that temp. It is used for differentiating.
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

4. -Gram –ve diplococci
-Capsulated
-Lens shape
-Ferments both glucose and Maltose
-Non motile
- CATALASE+VE
- OXIDASE +VE
Source of infection : Nasopharyngeal carriers : Provides natural immunity
Droplet infection : pulmonary involvement –via blood- enters meninges
DOC: 3rd generation cephalosporins
Carriers : Rifampicin
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

5. 1) Outer membrane protein
2) Pili : Virulence
3) Lipopolysaccharide
4) Capsular polysaccharide : Not responsible for symptoms
VIRULENCE FACTORS
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

6. 1) Waterhouse friedrichson Sx: B/L Adrenal Hemorrhagic Necrosis
2) If C3-C9 complement deficiency : Recurrent Neisserial Infections
COMPLICATIONS
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

7. Gram staining : Pink colonies showing diplococci: Since Gram –ve
Media : Thayer Martin media
Muller Hilton Agar
LAB DIAGNOSIS
CSF Sample
Microbiology Biochem Pathology
Divide sample in 3 sample bottles and Send to
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

8. STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

9. -Meningococcal conjugate vaccine
-Vaccine includes Serotype A,C,Y & W but not against B serotype since its
capsule is poorly immunogenic
VACCINE
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

10. -Signs of meningitis
seen
- Characteristic Rash
is seen
:
Fever
+
Hypotension
+
Headache
+
Tachycardia
+
Petechial rash
Meningococcal septicemia
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

11. -Gram-ve, non capsulated
-Kidney shape
-Ferments only glucose
-Mostly intracellular
-MC in females but is mostly
asymptomatic
-More severe in males
-DOC:3RD GENERATION
CEPHALOSPORINS
- Plasmid recruitance : Day by day resistance increases
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

12. 1) Outer membrane protein
2) Pili : Virulence
3) Lipopolysaccharide
4) Capsular polysaccharide : Not responsible for symptoms
5) Lactoferin and transferrin
VIRULENCE FACTORS
Same as Meningococci
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

13. Ophthalmia neonatorum in newborns
MC:Urethritis in males
MC: cervicitis in females
DISEASES
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

14. -C.trachomatis
-Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Mycoplasma hominis
NON GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

15. SAMPLES
- Eye swab
- Urethral swab
- Endocervical swab
Media : Thayer Martin media
Modified new York media
LAB DIAGNOSIS
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

16. 1) Water can perineum : In males, Multiple fistulas
2) Fitz- Hugh Curtis Sx: Perihepatitis
3) Suppurative polyarthritis
4) Reiter’s Sx :
COMPLICATIONS
Urethritis
+
PolyArthritis
+
Conjunctivitis
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

17. 1) Cefixime
2) Ceftriaxone
3) Ceftazidime
4) Ceftazoxime
5) Ceftibuten
6) Cefoperazone
7) Cefpodoxime
Me
One
Ten
3rd generation
Except Cefuroxime which is a 2nd
generation
-More active against Gram -ve
-Ceftoperazone and ceftazidime are active against
Pseudomonas. Rest of 3rd gen. is not active.
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

18. 1) The source of Neisseria meningitidis is the nasopharynx of human
carriers who exhibit no symptoms. The ability of this bacterium to
colonize the respiratory mucosa is associated with its ability to
synthesize which of the following?
A Coagulase
B Collagenase
C Hyaluronidase
D Pili
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

19. Ans. D Pili
a. Both Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis adhere to the mucous
membrane tissues by means of pili (short protein appendages from the
membrane through the cell wall).
b. Coagulase and lipase are products of Streptococci, whereas collagenase
and hyaluronidase are enzyme products of Streptococci.
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

20. 2. CSF in meningococcal meningitis shows:
A Gram positive diplococci in pus cells
B Gram negative diplococci in pus cells
C Gram negative bacilli
D Gram positive bacilli
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

21. Ans. B Gram negative diplococci in pus cells
Meningococcus appears as gram-negative intracellular diplococci.
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

22. 3. All are true about N. gonorrhoeae except:
A In adult females vaginal mucosa is commonly affected
B Thayer martin medium is selective medium
C Produces watercan perineum
D Pili is an important virulence factor
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

23. Ans. A In adult females vaginal mucosa is commonly affected
In females most common site of infection is endocervix.
Vaginal infection is seen in prepubertal females.
Thayer martin medium and New York City medium are enriched media for
N. gonorrhoeae, made selective by adding antibiotics to it.
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

24. Ophthalmia neonatorum in newborns
MC:Urethritis in males
MC: cervicitis in females
DISEASES
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

25. 4. Waterhouse friderichsen syndrome is caused by
A Neisseria gonorrheae
B Niesseria meningitides
C Chlamydia trachomatis
D Lymphogranuloma venerum
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

26. 1) Waterhouse friedrichson Sx: B/L Adrenal Hemorrhagic Necrosis
2) If C3-C9 complement deficiency : Recurrent Neisserial Infections
COMPLICATIONS
B) Niesseria meningitides
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

27. 5. All are true about Neisseria gonorrheae except
A Gram positive cocci
B Causes stricture urethra
C Involves seminal vesicles and spreads to epidi-dymis
D Drug of choice is Ceftriaxone
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

28. Ans. A Gram positive cocci
Gonococcus is a gram negative coccus.
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

29. 6. Selective media for meningococcus is:
A Blood sugar
B Deoxycholate citrate media
C Thayer-Martin media
D McLeod media
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

30. Ans. C Thayer-Martin media
Modified Thayer Martin Medium (MTM) is a selective medium used for
isolation of meningococcus and gonococcus.
Macleod medium is selective for C. diphtheriae and Deoxycholate citrate
medium is selective for Shigella.
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

31. 7. A 33-year-old sexually active woman, a week after her menstrual
period, develops a painful, swollen right knee. The most likely
causative organism has which of the following characteristics?
A Both hyphae and spores
B Can live within neutrophils
C Cannot make ATP
D No true cell wall
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

32. Ans. B Can live within neutrophils
This is the history of septic arthritis due to N. gonorrhoeae. This
organism can live within neutrophils.
Gonococcal infections can disseminate through blood and can cause
septic arthritis.
Gonococcus is a gram negative diplococcus, catalase and oxidase
positive, fermenting only glucose.
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

33. Meningococci Gonococci
Capsulated Non capsulated
Lens shape Kidney shape ( G for Gonococci
and G looks like Kidney shape)
Ferments both Glucose and
Maltose (M for Meningococci and
M for Maltose)
Ferments only Glucose (G for
Gonococci and G for Glucose)
Extra/ Intracellular Mostly Intracellular ( Can live
within Neutrophils)
STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

34. STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B

35. STEP TO PG-MD/MS
-DR.AKIF A.B