The idea that nature can harm us is not new. Have you ever heard of malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, botulism or tetanus? Why, then, are so many convinced that anything and everything natural is healthier for us than synthetic products? It's true that modern chemistry has brought us a number of toxic chemicals, like DDT and dioxins, but do you really think that nature's chemicals are any less harmful to you? In fact, the most toxic chemicals to humans are completely natural! Not only that, but there is much evidence that natural pesticides allowed in organic farming are just as toxic as synthetic pesticides. It would be wonderful if it were simply a black versus white topic. Unfortunately, the natural versus synthetic debate falls very much in the gray region, and each and every chemical, or class of chemicals, must be considered on a case by case basis. To make the situation more frustrating, the number of useful and accessible resources for consumers is limited, since the majority of the “information” on the internet and in the news is unfounded and unreferenced. It’s no wonder that this idea has been able to take hold so well! The purpose of this post is to briefly discuss the most common misunderstandings about natural and synthetic chemicals: 1. Synthetic chemicals are more toxic than natural chemicals. 2. Organically grown food is better for you because it’s all natural. 3. Synthetic copies of natural chemicals are not as good for you.

1. Ronnith Nandy
Natural
&
Synthetic
Compounds

2. What is Bio-Molecule?
A biomolecule or biological
molecule is any molecule that is
present in living organisms,
including large macromolecules
Examples are proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, and
nucleic acids, as well as small
molecules such as primary
metabolites, secondary
metabolites, and natural
products.
What is Bio-Molecule?

3. Characteristics Of Bio-
Molecules
They have specific shapes and
dimensions.
Macromolecules are large molecules and are constructed from small
building block molecules.
Most of them are organic compounds.
Functional group determines their
chemical properties.
Many of them are asymmetric.
Building block molecules have simple structure containing Carbon.

4. [1.] Igneous Rock
They are formed when lava and magma crystallize to form solid rocks.
Rocks & Its Types
Rocks are mixtures of minerals most rocks are composed of at least
2minerals.
Rock are classified by how they are formed and of what they are
made up of. There are 3 General Classes of Rocks
Coarse Grained
Fine Grained

5. [3.] Sedimentary Rocks
They are formed by sediments that are deposited over time ,usually as
layers at the bottom of lakes and oceans .
Rocks & Its Types
[2.] Metamorphic Rocks
They are formed when an existing rock is partially melted ,squeezed or
both .

6. Minerals
Properties of Minerals:
They are naturally occurring
They must be inorganic i.e. made of Non-living matter.
They must be solid minerals are not liquid or gas.
They must have definite physical and chemical properties
Minerals are naturally formed solid substances with a crystal
structure. There are about 3000 known minerals.
QUARTZGOLD

7. Natural & Synthetic
Compounds
A gemstone is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and
polished form, is used to make jewellery or other adornments.
Gems and Stones

8. Formation of glass fiber:
Glass fiber is formed when thin strands
of silica-based or other formulation glass
are extruded into many fibers with small
diameters suitable for textile processing.
Glass
Chemical used for glass fiber:
• Sand or silica sand at 72%
• Flux(i.e) Soda or soda ash at 17% (1700-900 degree Celsius)
• Stabilizing Agent to mitigate water solubility of the glass formed.
Eg: CaO normally added as limestone at 5%
Glass fiber is a material consisting of
numerous extremely fine fibers of glass.
Glass fibers can also occur naturally.

9. Glass
Usefulness of glass:
Insulation, Filtration media, Reinforcement, Optical fibers
Process of manufacturing glass:
Melting, Formation, Heated, Cooling

10. Useful Minerals
Limestone- It is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal
fragments of marine organisms such as corals, forams and molluscs.
Its major materials are calcite and argonite, which are different
crystal forms of calcium carbonate(CaCO3)
Among useful minerals are- Common Salt, Limestone, Marble, Niter
or Nitre and heavy mineral sand.
Common salt- in its natural form it is crystalline mineral and present
in vast quantities in sea water. Chemical formula is NaCl (sodium
chloride.

11. Useful Minerals
Heavy mineral sand- Are a class of ore deposits which is an
important source of zirconium, titanium, tungsten diamond,
sapphire, garnet or gemstones. These are formed most usually in
beach environments by concentration due to sp, gravity of mineral
grains.
Marble- It is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized
carbonate minerals, mostly calcite or dolomite. It is commonly used
for sculpture and as a building material.
Niter or Nitre- It is the mineral form of potassium nitrate,KNO3, also
known as saltpeter or saltpetre. Three related minerals are soda
niter(sodium nitrate)Ammonium nitrate and strontum nitrate.

12. Useful Minerals
It occurs chiefly in sedimentary deposits and is used to make
plaster of Paris and fertilizers, and in the building industry.
Silicate:
It is a salt in which the anion contains both silicon and oxygen,
especially one of the anion SiO42−. any of the many minerals
consisting of silica combined with metal oxides, forming a major
component of the rocks of the earth's crust
Any of the many minerals consisting of silica combined with metal
oxides, forming a major component of the rocks of the earth's crust
a soft white or grey mineral consisting of hydrated calcium sulphate.

13. Useful Minerals
Although it occurs naturally as the mineral zincite, most zinc oxide
is produced synthetically.
Zinc oxide:
It is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO.
ZnO is a white powder that is
insoluble in water, and it is widely
used as an additive in numerous
materials and products including
rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass,
cement, lubricants,[5] paints,
ointments, adhesives, sealants,
pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites,
fire retardants, and first-aid tapes.

14. Useful Minerals
Vauxite was named in 1922 for George Vaux Junior (1863–1927), an
American attorney and mineral collector.
Vauxite:
It is a phosphate mineral with the chemical formula
Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·6(H2O).
It belongs to the laueite – paravauxite group, paravauxite
subgroup, although Mindat puts it as a member of the vantasselite
Al4(PO4)3(OH)3·9H2O group.
There is no similarity in structure
between vauxite and paravauxite
Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O or
metavauxite
Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O, even
though they are closely similar
chemically, and all minerals occur
together as secondary minerals.

15. Useful Minerals
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