Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad (15 October 1542[a]– 27 October 1605[10][11]), popularly known as Akbar I (IPA: [əkbər], literally "the great") and later Akbar the Great,[12] was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India. A strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include nearly all of the Indian Subcontinent north of the Godavari river. His power and influence, however, extended over the entire country because of Mughal military, political, cultural, and economic dominance.
I made this presentation for my school project after that I thought that I should upload it on any slide so I uploaded this to help others in making presentations and getting ideas.It is a class 7 project.
I made this presentation for my school project after that I thought that I should upload it on any slide so I uploaded this to help others in making presentations and getting ideas.It is a class 7 project.
Sher Shah Suri - The Lion King of IndiaRaunak Hajela
I made this presentation for my friend for her college project after that I thought why not upload it on slideshare and help others in making presentations and getting ideas. So, I did it. I've taken very much effort in creating this presentation. I hope you all like it.
This contains the Personal Details , Characteristics , Contribution towards Islam and World , Related personalities , Wars , Event of That ERA , Lesson leart and Points of Motivation.
An Essay About Akbar
Akbar Essay
Characteristics Of Akbar
The Mughal Empire
Excerpt Of The King Akbar
Why Is Akbar Powerful
Mughal Emperor Akbar
Akbar Research Paper
Sher Shah Suri - The Lion King of IndiaRaunak Hajela
I made this presentation for my friend for her college project after that I thought why not upload it on slideshare and help others in making presentations and getting ideas. So, I did it. I've taken very much effort in creating this presentation. I hope you all like it.
This contains the Personal Details , Characteristics , Contribution towards Islam and World , Related personalities , Wars , Event of That ERA , Lesson leart and Points of Motivation.
An Essay About Akbar
Akbar Essay
Characteristics Of Akbar
The Mughal Empire
Excerpt Of The King Akbar
Why Is Akbar Powerful
Mughal Emperor Akbar
Akbar Research Paper
All about Akbar's reign, his ways of capturing and making a successful kingdom.
Also includes his religious tolerance and the new religion formed by him.
There is info on the architecture, art, literature and music during his time.
One of the best known mathematical formulas is Pythagorean Theorem,Over 2000 years ago there was an amazing discovery about triangles:
When a triangle has a right angle (90°) and squares are made on each of the three sides,then the biggest square has the exact same area as the other two squares put together! Maths is Fun
"The Ransom of Red Chief" is a 1910 short story by O. Henry first published in The Saturday Evening Post. It follows two men who kidnap and attempt to ransom a wealthy Alabaman's son; eventually, the men are driven crazy by the boy's spoiled and hyperactive behavior, and end up having to pay the boy's father to take him back.
The story and its main idea have become a part of popular culture, with many children's television programs using a version of the story as one of their episodes. The tale is a light-hearted example of the ultimate in "poetic justice" and fortuitous intervention for the public good: the crooks had intended to use the ransom money to fund an even larger and much more elaborate scam that would likely have caused widespread monetary damage to the local populace, and so having their plans "foiled in their infancy" by Red Chief's shrewd father saves countless other honest folks from financial ruin. It has also been often used as a classic example of two ultimate comic ironies—a supposed "hostage" actually liking his abductors and enjoying being captured, and his captors getting their just deserts by having the tables turned on them, and being compelled to pay to be rid of him.
Symmetry (from Greek συμμετρία symmetria "agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement")[1] in everyday language refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.[2][3][a] In mathematics, "symmetry" has a more precise definition, that an object is invariant to any of various transformations; including reflection, rotation or scaling. Although these two meanings of "symmetry" can sometimes be told apart, they are related, so they are here discussed together.
Mathematical symmetry may be observed with respect to the passage of time; as a spatial relationship; through geometric transformations; through other kinds of functional transformations; and as an aspect of abstract objects, theoretic models, language, music and even knowledge itself.[4][b]
This article describes symmetry from three perspectives: in mathematics, including geometry, the most familiar type of symmetry for many people; in science and nature; and in the arts, covering architecture, art and music.
The opposite of symmetry is asymmetry.
In geometry[edit]
Main article: Symmetry (geometry)
The triskelion has 3-fold rotational symmetry.
A geometric shape or object is symmetric if it can be divided into two or more identical pieces that are arranged in an organized fashion.[5] This means that an object is symmetric if there is a transformation that moves individual pieces of the object but doesn't change the overall shape. The type of symmetry is determined by the way the pieces are organized, or by the type of transformation:
An object has reflectional symmetry (line or mirror symmetry) if there is a line going through it which divides it into two pieces which are mirror images of each other.[6]
An object has rotational symmetry if the object can be rotated about a fixed point without changing the overall shape.[7]
An object has translational symmetry if it can be translated without changing its overall shape.[8]
An object has helical symmetry if it can be simultaneously translated and rotated in three-dimensional space along a line known as a screw axis.[9]
An object has scale symmetry if it does not change shape when it is expanded or contracted.[10] Fractals also exhibit a form of scale symmetry, where small portions of the fractal are similar in shape to large portions.[11]
The idea that nature can harm us is not new. Have you ever heard of malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, botulism or tetanus? Why, then, are so many convinced that anything and everything natural is healthier for us than synthetic products? It's true that modern chemistry has brought us a number of toxic chemicals, like DDT and dioxins, but do you really think that nature's chemicals are any less harmful to you? In fact, the most toxic chemicals to humans are completely natural! Not only that, but there is much evidence that natural pesticides allowed in organic farming are just as toxic as synthetic pesticides. It would be wonderful if it were simply a black versus white topic.
Unfortunately, the natural versus synthetic debate falls very much in the gray region, and each and every chemical, or class of chemicals, must be considered on a case by case basis. To make the situation more frustrating, the number of useful and accessible resources for consumers is limited, since the majority of the “information” on the internet and in the news is unfounded and unreferenced. It’s no wonder that this idea has been able to take hold so well! The purpose of this post is to briefly discuss the most common misunderstandings about natural and synthetic chemicals:
1. Synthetic chemicals are more toxic than natural chemicals.
2. Organically grown food is better for you because it’s all natural.
3. Synthetic copies of natural chemicals are not as good for you.
Fungus, plural fungi, any of about 99,000 known species of organisms of the kingdom Fungi, which includes the yeasts, rusts, smuts, mildews, molds, and mushrooms. There are also many funguslike organisms, including slime molds and oomycetes (water molds), that do not belong to kingdom Fungi but are often called fungi. Many of these funguslike organisms are included in the kingdom Chromista. Fungi are among the most widely distributed organisms on Earth and are of great environmental and medical importance. Many fungi are free-living in soil or water; others form parasitic or symbiotic relationships with plants or animals.
A fungus (/ˈfʌŋɡəs/; plural: fungi[3] or funguses[4]) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, Fungi, which is separate from the other eukaryotic life kingdoms of plants and animals.
A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Similar to animals, fungi are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesise. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the Eumycota (true fungi or Eumycetes), which share a common ancestor (form a monophyletic group), an interpretation that is also strongly supported by molecular phylogenetics. This fungal group is distinct from the structurally similar myxomycetes (slime molds) and oomycetes (water molds). The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology (from the Greek μύκης, mukēs, meaning "fungus"). In the past, mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants.
e-commerce is a transaction of buying or selling online. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the transaction's life cycle although it may also use other technologies such as e-mail.
e-commerce businesses may employ some or all of the following:
Online shopping web sites for retail sales direct to consumers
Providing or participating in online marketplaces, which process third-party business-to-consumer or consumer-to-consumer sales
Business-to-business buying and selling
Gathering and using demographic data through web contacts and social media
Business-to-business (B2B) electronic data interchange
Marketing to prospective and established customers by e-mail or fax (for example, with newsletters)
Engaging in pretail for launching new products and services
Online financial exchanges for currency exchanges or trading purposes
कश्मीर (कश्मीरी : कोशूर) भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप का एक हिस्सा है जिसके अलग-अलग भागों पर भारत तथा पाकिस्तान का अधिपत्य है।
ये ख़ूबसूरत भूभाग मुख्यतः झेलम नदी की घाटी (वादी) में बसा है।
यहाँ कई सुन्दर सरोवर हैं, जैसे डल, वुलर और नगीन।
भारतीय कश्मीर घाटी में छः ज़िले हैं :श्रीनगर,बड़ग़ाम,अनन्तनाग,पुलवामा,बारामुला और कुपवाड़ा।
धरती का स्वर्ग कहा जाने वाला कश्मीर ग्रेट हिमालयन रेंज और पीर पंजाल पर्वत श्रृंखला के मध्य स्थित है।
THE HISTORY OF CHINA, as documented in ancient writings, dates back some 3,300 years. Modern archaeological studies provide evidence of still more ancient origins in a culture that flourished between 2500 and 2000 B.C. in what is now central China and the lower Huang He (Yellow River) Valley of north China. Centuries of migration, amalgamation, and development brought about a distinctive system of writing, philosophy, art, and political organization that came to be recognizable as Chinese civilization. What makes the civilization unique in world history is its continuity through over 4,000 years to the present century.
The Chinese have developed a strong sense of their real and mythological origins and have kept voluminous records since very early times. It is largely as a result of these records that knowledge concerning the ancient past, not only of China but also of its neighbors, has survived.
Chinese history, until the twentieth century, was written mostly by members of the ruling scholar-official class and was meant to provide the ruler with precedents to guide or justify his policies. These accounts focused on dynastic politics and colorful court histories and included developments among the commoners only as backdrops. The historians described a Chinese political pattern of dynasties, one following another in a cycle of ascent, achievement, decay, and rebirth under a new family.
Of the consistent traits identified by independent historians, a salient one has been the capacity of the Chinese to absorb the people of surrounding areas into their own civilization. Their success can be attributed to the superiority of their ideographic written language, their technology, and their political institutions; the refinement of their artistic and intellectual creativity; and the sheer weight of their numbers. The process of assimilation continued over the centuries through conquest and colonization until what is now known as China Proper was brought under unified rule. The Chinese also left an enduring mark on people beyond their borders, especially the Koreans, Japanese, and Vietnamese.
Bees sting,but gives us honey.Serpent bites,but it’s poison is used in medicine for treatment of cancer.
Tigers attack,but because of their presence in forests,the poachers dare not to loot,The treasure like skin of deers,tusks of elephants,logs of trees etc.Elephant when gets enraged throws the Mahaut[rider on back] out and tramples the people assembled nearby.But their presence in the temple yard and their participation in procession and cart festival of God adds attraction to the ceremony.Elephants in some forest areas are also used to transport logs of wood.
Crows seize the pieces of bread from the hands of tiny toddlers,But they keep the environment clean by picking worms and rotten things spread around the area.
Spiders web at the corners of the walls look ugly but they catch mosquitoes and flies.Cows and bulls when enraged attack with their horns.But cows give milk and bulls draw carts and plough the fields in rural areas.When the dogs become mad they bite and humans get rabies,But they are homely and faithful in nature.The dog guards the master and his house.Monkeys are a nuisance but the trained ones entertain humans by their aerobatics.Donkeys kick with their hinder legs but they carry loads.Horses are powerful and proud.They are not honest.When humans invest them in races and use them for gambling they may ruin them, if luck fails.But they serve as means of livelihood for the poor who use them to draw carts.Fishing,rearing of hens and pigs in farms also provide employment for the humans.Birds eat the grains in fields but they pick the worms that cause the disease to the plants or burrow the plants.The dancing peacock represents pride.Swan stands for graceful movement,cocky means arrogant,Eagle’s eye represents sharp view,fox represents cunningness and wisdom.
When child learns to speak,we appreciate-” the child speaks like a parrot”.When a lady sings melodiously we appreciate-“she sings like a cuckoo’.Wild boars dug the soil and eat root vegitables like carrot,potatoes etc.Scientists say that they may be used to detect silent bombs buried underground,During second world war in Germany and other places ,where the metal detectors and police dogs have failed to find out.
homographs (words with the same spellings, but different meanings, origins, or pronunciations. There are two large subgroups:
Subgroup 1:These common words have the same spelling and pronunciation, but very different meanings and/or origins.
Subgroup 2:
These words have the same spelling, but different stress. The stress changes for the noun and verb forms of these words.
A circle is a simple shape in Euclidean geometry. It is the set of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the center; equivalently it is the curve traced out by a point that moves so that its distance from a given point is constant.
Lever, simple machine consisting of a rigid bar that rotates about a fixed point, called a fulcrum. Levers affect the effort, or force, needed to do a certain amount of work, and are used to lift heavy objects. To move an object with a lever, force is applied to one end of the lever, and the object to be moved (referred to as the resistance or load) is usually located at the other end of the lever, with the fulcrum somewhere between the two. By varying the distances between the force and the fulcrum and between the load and the fulcrum, the amount of effort needed to move the load can be decreased, making the job easier.
Physicists classify the lever as one of the four simple machines used to do work. (The other three are the pulley, the wheel and axle, and the inclined plane.) Work is defined in physics as the result of a force, such as a person lifting, that moves an object over a distance. A common example of a lever is the seesaw. The human arm is also a lever, where the elbow is the fulcrum and the muscles apply the force.
Traditional Dance continued in Mughal period both in the north and in the south. Kathak was a new dance that had developed during this period. But the art was not pursued purely from an aesthetic point of view. Sufism with its religious fervor expressed itself in dance and music that resulted in the Muslims appreciating the music. Khusro was both a singer and a-dancer.
Africa straddles the equator which bestows a rich diversity of wildlife and landscapes on the world's second largest continent. Large predators roam the sweeping savannas among huge herds of grazing herbivores, while apes, monkeys and snakes inhabit its dark, dense forests. Widely regarded as the place where human life originated, Africa is home to many of the world's best loved and most fascinating animals, as well as to some of its most endangered.
Many natural changes are undesirable.It is necessary that these changes are properly controlled . We must study these changes to learn how they are caused and find ways to control them to safe guard ourselves.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. Introduction
Akbar
the Great
Shortly after Humayun’s return to Delhi after 15 years and re-establishing Mughal rule
in India, he died in an accidental fall from his library.
Second Battle of Panipat
The second battle of Panipat
was fought between the forces
of Samrat Hem Chandra
Vikramaditya, who was also
called Hemu, the Hindu king
who was ruling North India from
Delhi and the army of Jala-ud-
din Muhhamad Akbar on
November 5th 1556.
Akbar, his 13-year old son, was proclaimed the Emperor. He ruled the Mughal empire
for the next 50 years (1556-1605 CE) and established himself as the greatest ruler in
medieval India.
3. Conquest of Akbar
Akbar
the Great
Conquest of Akbar was largely successful and his empire extended from Kabul in the
west to the Bengal in the east and from Kashmir in the north to the Vindhyas in the
south.
Akbar engaged himself in wars of conquest all through his life. He initiated his
conquest of southern India and partially succeeded before he died.
Akbar was an imperialist. He frankly declared
and desired to pursue the policy of the
extension of the empire.
He conquered the entire north India and
consolidated it, under his administration.
4. Bairam Khan’s
Regency
Akbar
the Great
Bairam Khan became the guardian of Akbar when Akbar was just 13 year old.
Bairam Khan was the Chief Military commander in the Mughal Army.
The next problem awaiting solution was the setting up of a provisional
administration in the territory that had passed into Mughal possession after
the second battle of Panipat.
Bairam Khan was born in Badakhshan and joined
the service of Mughal Emperor Babur at the age
of 16. Later on Bairam Khan contributed towards
the establishment of Mughal Empire in India
under Humayun and Akbar.
The outstanding achievements of Bairam Khan
as a regent were the defeat of Hemu and the
elimination of Akbar’s Sur rivals.
5. Conflict with Rana Udai
Singh
Akbar
the Great
The Rana of Mewar was considered to be the head of
the Rajput clans. He refused to submit to Akbar and
rejected his proposal of a matrimonial alliance.
Akbar marched against Chittor, the capital of Mewar. Rana Udai Singh escaped to
the hills, leaving the defense of Chittor to Jai Mal, the commander of the Rajput
forces. For 4 months,the Mughal army tried in vain to capture the fort of Chittor.
6. Conflict with Rana Pratap
Singh
Akbar
the Great
The Rajputs of Mewar, however, refused to submit. Having lost Chittor, their capital
city, they rallied around Rana Pratap, the valiant son of Udai Singh. After his escape to
the hills, Udai Singh had built a new capital called Udaipur.
After Udai Singh’s death, Rana Pratap carried on the struggle against the
Mughals.With a great deal of difficulty, Rana Pratap organized an army and clashed
with the Mughal forces in the Battle of Haldighati in 1576 CE.The Mughal forces were
led by the Rajput chief, Raja Man Singh of Amber.
7. Administration of
Akbar
Akbar
the Great
1
Wazir/Diwan
Revenue
Department
2
Mir Bakshi
Military and
Head of
Mansabdars
3
Qazi
Chief judge
4
Chief Sadr
Supervisor of
Royal
Household
Council Of Ministers were :-
Akbar was a successful administrator as the principle of
administrative policy was acceptable by everyone.
Central Administration
It was a mixture of Indian and Persian traditions.
It consisted of commander-in chief of armed forces and a
Supreme judge on all matters of justice.
8. Provincial
Administration
Akbar
the Great
[Provincial admin was a miniature of the central admin.]
Subdas
Sarkars
Paranas
VillagesSubhedar
and Diwan
Panchayats
Mansabdari System:
The Mansab is an Arabic word meaning rank or position or status. Thus Mansabdari
was a system in which the rank of a government official was determined.
Every civil and military official was given a Mansab and was called a Mansabdar.
There were two methods of making payments to the nobles. One was giving them
Jagirs (land) wherefrom they got their salaries. The second was making cash
payment.
In the Mansabdari system no Jagirs were granted for the purpose of paying salaries.
A Mansabdar got his salary from the royal treasury.
9. Revenue System
Akbar
the Great
Revenue Department under Wazir/Diwan.
Krori at local level to collect
revenue.
Mansabdars were given the right to collect
major revenue.
Akbar adhered to the old practices, procedures
and traditions of Sher Shah’s revenue system.
Mughal state was essentially a revenue
collecting state.
10. Akbar’s Religious
Policy
Akbar
the Great
Ibadat Khana –hall of prayer 1575 -built at
Fathepur Sikri
Akbar was interested in learning about
different religion. He invited leaders of
different faiths to discuss their religion.
Issues declaration called the mazar , which
gave him the power to chose different
interpratation of islamic law.
11. Akbar’s Religion
Akbar
the Great
He started a new religion called Din-I-Ilahi he tried to combine all the religion like
Hindu and Muslim but it did not work. it ended after his death .
In 1564 he abolished Jaziya. He also abolished pilgrim tax.
Forcible conversion of prisoners of the war was also stopped.
13. Social & Cultural Achievement
Akbar
the Great
Akbar was against sati and legalized widow
remarriage.
He encouraged the study of astronomy,
mathematics, logic and history.
•Akbar raised Persian to status of the state
language, which lead to the growth of literature.
It is said that his library had more than 4000
manuscripts.
He raised the age of marriage to 14 for girls and
16 for boys.
He restricted the sale of wine and spirits.
He revised the educational syllabus and laid more
stress on moral education and on secular subjects
rather than on religion.
14. Social & Cultural Achievement
Akbar
the Great
Akbari architecture was known for its
extensive use of red sandstone as a building
material.
Humayun's Tomb, the sandstone
mausoleum of Akbar's father, was built during
this period.
Akbar patronized Tansen of Gwalior, in his court.
Tansen was a person who was credited with
composing of many new Melodies and Ragas.
Abdul Fazl's Akbarnameh series demonstrates the
unique and superb qualities of the nascent Mughal
School and set it far apart from its Safavid or Timurid
precursors.
15. Akbar
the Great
Akbar’s court was adorned by a galaxy of illustrious men known as the nine
gems or navaratnas .
The Nine Gems of Akbar’s court are:
[1] Abul Fazl : He was a scholar, historian and author of Akbarnama and Ain-i-
Akbari.
[2] Faizi: He was a Persian poet laureate and philosopher.
[3] Abdul Rahim Khan –i-khanan: He was a hindi poet and composer of dohas.
[4] Tansen: He was a singer and a musician of a extraordinary talent.
The Nine Gems of Akbar’s
Court
16. The Nine Gems of Akbar’s
Court
Akbar
the Great
[5] Todar Mal: He was Akbar’s brilliant revenue minister .
[6] Birbal: Akbar’s constant companion, renowned for his intelligent
mind and sharp wit
[7] Raja Maan Singh: He was a great military commander and trusted
advisor of the emperor
[8] Fakir Aziao-Din: He was a mystic and a great advisor for Akbar
[9] Mullah do Piaza: He was a great scholar known for his ready wit